Manambala akulu ndi omwe ali ndi magawo awiri okha, popeza amagawika mwa iwo okha ndi chigawo chimodzi, ndiye kuti, nambala 1. Koma samalani! Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Zosavuta kwambiri. Chiwerengero chachikulu, mwachitsanzo 2, chitha kugawidwa ndi 2, -2, 1, ndi -1.
Manambala omwe ali ndi ma divoni opitilira 2 amatchedwa manambala opangidwa. Ngati titenga nambala yophatikiza, mwachitsanzo, 10, tiwona kuti titha kugawaniza palokha ndi umodzi, ndiye kuti, pakati pa 10 ndi 1, komanso pakati pa 2 ndi 5. Chifukwa chake, 10 ndi nambala yophatikiza.
Zamkatimu
Kodi manambala onse ndi oyamba kapena ophatikiza?
Pali awiri manambala "apadera" zomwe sizabwino kapena zophatikizika: 0 ndi 1. Chifukwa chiyani? Tiyeni tiwone:
- Chiwerengero cha 1 chitha kugawidwa chokha (1/1 = 1) ndi umodzi, ndiye kuti nambala 1 (1/1 = 1). Komabe, kuti nambala iwonedwe kuti ndiyabwino, iyenera kukhala ndi ogawa 2 osiyanasiyana. Chiwerengero cha 1 chimangokhala ndi gawo limodzi, kotero sichikhala chachikulu kapena chophatikiza.
- 0 sangagawanike paokha, chifukwa zotsatira zake ndizosatha.
Chifukwa chake ngati tichotsa 0 ndi 1 pamndandandandawo, kuchokera kuchuluka komwe kwatsala, tingadziwe bwanji zomwe ndizofunikira komanso zomwe sizili?
Momwe mungadziwire ngati nambala ndiyofunika kwambiri
Chabwinobwino kwambiri ndikuganiza zakuchita mwakutaya, ndiye kuti, kuyesa kufikira mutapeza omwe akugawana. Ndi chowerengera ndichothamanga, koma ngati tiyenera kuchita mozondoka kapena ndi cholembera ndi pepala, zinthu zimayamba kuvuta. Tikukuphunzitsani njira ziwiri kuti mudziwe ngati nambala ndiyofunika kapena ayi.
Sefa ya Eratosthenes
Sefa ya Eratosthenes ndi a Njira yodziwira manambala oyamba pakati pa 2, yomwe ndi nambala yoyamba, ndi nambala inayake.
Njirayi imakhala yopanga tebulo ndikudutsa zochulukitsa manambala onse. Poyamba tithana ndi kuchulukitsa kwa 2, kenako 3, ndi zina zotero mpaka titafika nambala yomwe squared ili yayikulu kuposa nambala yomaliza patebulo.
Monga chilichonse mu masamu, sefa ya Eratosthenes imamveka bwino ndi chitsanzo:
- Timapanga tebulo ndi manambala kuyambira 2 mpaka 30.
| 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
- Timadula kuchulukitsa kwa 2 pamndandanda, ndiye kuti, tidutsa kuchokera 2 mpaka 2: 4, 6, ndi zina zambiri. Onetsetsani! 2, yomwe imangogawika pakati pa iyo ndi nambala 1, sitidutsa, popeza ndi nambala yoyamba.
| 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | |||||
| 11 | 13 | 15 | 17 | 19 | |||||
| 21 | 23 | 25 | 27 | 29 |
- Timatenga nambala yotsatira, 3, ndikuwona kuti squared ndi ochepera nambala yayikulu kwambiri patebulo. Monga 32 <30, tikupitiliza ndi sefa ndikudutsa zochulukitsa zake: 6, 9, 12 ... Monga momwe tidapangira m'mbuyomu, sitidumpha nambala 3, yomwe ndiyopambana.
| 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | ||||||
| 11 | 13 | 17 | 19 | ||||||
| 23 | 25 | 29 |
- Timabwereza gawo lapitalo ndi nambala yotsatira patebulo: 4 yatulutsidwa, ndiye timatenga 5. Monga 52 <30, tidutsa zochulukitsa zawo.
| 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | ||||||
| 11 | 13 | 17 | 19 | ||||||
| 23 | 29 |
- Tipitiliza ndi nambala yotsatirayi osadutsanso: 7. Monga 72 = 49, ndiye kuti, sikelo ya 7 ndiyapamwamba kuposa nambala yomaliza patebulopo, njirayo imatha, ndipo manambala osadutsamo ndiwo manambala oyamba.
- Mapeto. Manambala oyambira pakati pa 2 ndi 30 ndi awa: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 ndi 29.
Sefa ya Eratosthenes ndi njira yachangu komanso yosavuta yodziwira manambala oyamba, koma nanga bwanjibwanji ngati nambala yomwe tikufuna kuphunzira ndi yayikulu kwambiriMwachitsanzo, 54657?
Monga mukumvetsetsa, sizingakhale zopindulitsa kupanga tebulo kuyambira 2 mpaka 54657, sichoncho? Kodi tingatani pamenepo? Zosavuta kwambiri: gwiritsani ntchito magawo.
Njira zogawa
Njira zogawa ndi izi amalamula kuti adziwe ngati nambala imodzi imagawanika ndi ina popanda kuchita magawano.
Chifukwa chake, ngati tigwiritsa ntchito malamulowa ndikuwona kuti nambala imagawanika ndi nambala ina kupatula iyo ndi unit, tidziwa kuti siyofunika.
- Chiwerengero cha kugawanika kwa nambala 2. Nambala imagawika ndi 2 ngati ndiyofanana, ndiye kuti, ngati itha 0, 2, 4, 6 kapena 8. Ndipo, apa pali chinyengo: monga nambala iliyonse yogawanika ndi 4, 6 kapena 8 imagawidwanso ndi 2, sitidzafunika kudziwa magawo azigawo zina.
- Muyeso wakugawika kwa nambala 3. Chiwerengero chimagawika ndi 3 ngati kuchuluka kwa manambala ake kuli angapo atatu. Tiyeni tiwone chitsanzo:
267 -> 2 + 6 + 7 = 15
Popeza 15 ndiyambiri ya 3, 267 imagawanika ndi 3.
Kuphatikiza apo, popeza nambala iliyonse yomwe imagawanika ndi 9 imagawidwanso ndi 3, zidzakhala zokwanira kuti tidziwe izi.
- Gawo logawa kwa nambala 5. Nambala imagawika ndi 5 ngati itha 0 kapena 5.
- Muyeso wakugawika kwa nambala 7. Kuti tipeze ngati nambala imagawanika ndi 7, tiyenera kuchotsa nambala yopanda manambala omaliza komanso kawiri manambala omaliza. Ngati nambala yomwe yapezedwa ndi 0 kapena angapo a 7, nambala yoyamba imagawika ndi 7. Mungamvetse izi bwino ndi chitsanzo, tiyeni tifike pamenepo!
378 -> 37 − (8 × 2) = 37 − 16 = 21
Popeza 21 ndiyambiri ya 7, 378 imagawanika ndi 7.
- Muyeso wakugawika kwa nambala 11. Ngati titachotsa kuchuluka kwa manambala ngakhale kuchuluka kwa manambala osamvetseka, ndipo nambala yomwe yapezedwa ndi 0 kapena angapo mwa 11, ndiye kuti nambala yomwe yaphunziridwa imagawika ndi 11. Apa pali chitsanzo:
8591 -> (8 + 9) − (5 + 1) = 17 − 6 = 11
Popeza 11 ndiyambiri ya 11, 8591 imagawanika ndi 11.
Ndipo ndizo zonse! Tsopano ndi nthawi yanu: kodi mungadziwe kale momwe mungawerengere ngati nambala yayikuluyo, 54657, ndiyofunikira?
Mndandanda wa manambala oyambira 1 mpaka 10.000
Pomaliza, ngati mukufuna mndandanda wa manambala oyamba kuyambira 1 mpaka 10.000, monga 1 mpaka 100 kapena 1 mpaka 1.000, nayi yathunthu ndi yosinthidwa:
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139, 149, 151, 157, 163, 167, 173, 179, 181, 191, 193, 197, 199, 211, 223, 227, 229, 233, 239, 241, 251, 257, 263, 269, 271, 277, 281, 283, 293, 307, 311, 313, 317, 331, 337, 347, 349, 353, 359, 367, 373, 379, 383, 389, 397, 401, 409, 419, 421, 431, 433, 439, 443, 449, 457, 461, 463, 467, 479, 487, 491, 499, 503, 509, 521, 523, 541, 547, 557, 563, 569, 571, 577, 587, 593, 599, 601, 607, 613, 617, 619, 631, 641, 643, 647, 653, 659, 661, 673, 677, 683, 691, 701, 709, 719, 727, 733, 739, 743, 751, 757, 761, 769, 773, 787, 797, 809, 811, 821, 823, 827, 829, 839, 853, 857, 859, 863, 877, 881, 883, 887, 907, 911, 919, 929, 937, 941, 947, 953, 967, 971, 977, 983, 991, 997, 1009, 1013, 1019, 1021, 1031, 1033, 1039, 1049, 1051, 1061, 1063, 1069, 1087, 1091, 1093, 1097, 1103, 1109, 1117, 1123, 1129, 1151, 1153, 1163, 1171, 1181, 1187, 1193, 1201, 1213, 1217, 1223, 1229, 1231, 1237, 1249, 1259, 1277, 1279, 1283, 1289, 1291, 1297, 1301, 1303, 1307, 1319, 1321, 1327, 1361, 1367, 1373, 1381, 1399, 1409, 1423, 1427, 1429, 1433, 1439, 1447, 1451, 1453, 1459, 1471, 1481, 1483, 1487, 1489, 1493, 1499, 1511, 1523, 1531, 1543, 1549, 1553, 1559, 1567, 1571, 1579, 1583, 1597, 1601, 1607, 1609, 1613, 1619, 1621, 1627, 1637, 1657, 1663, 1667, 1669, 1693, 1697, 1699, 1709, 1721, 1723, 1733, 1741, 1747, 1753, 1759, 1777, 1783, 1787, 1789, 1801, 1811, 1823, 1831, 1847, 1861, 1867, 1871, 1873, 1877, 1879, 1889, 1901, 1907, 1913, 1931, 1933, 1949, 1951, 1973, 1979, 1987, 1993, 1997, 1999, 2003, 2011, 2017, 2027, 2029, 2039, 2053, 2063, 2069, 2081, 2083, 2087, 2089, 2099, 2111, 2113, 2129, 2131, 2137, 2141, 2143, 2153, 2161, 2179, 2203, 2207, 2213, 2221, 2237, 2239, 2243, 2251, 2267, 2269, 2273, 2281, 2287, 2293, 2297, 2309, 2311, 2333, 2339, 2341, 2347, 2351, 2357, 2371, 2377, 2381, 2383, 2389, 2393, 2399, 2411, 2417, 2423, 2437, 2441, 2447, 2459, 2467, 2473, 2477, 2503, 2521, 2531, 2539, 2543, 2549, 2551, 2557, 2579, 2591, 2593, 2609, 2617, 2621, 2633, 2647, 2657, 2659, 2663, 2671, 2677, 2683, 2687, 2689, 2693, 2699, 2707, 2711, 2713, 2719, 2729, 2731, 2741, 2749, 2753, 2767, 2777, 2789, 2791, 2797, 2801, 2803, 2819, 2833, 2837, 2843, 2851, 2857, 2861, 2879, 2887, 2897, 2903, 2909, 2917, 2927, 2939, 2953, 2957, 2963, 2969, 2971, 2999, 3001, 3011, 3019, 3023, 3037, 3041, 3049, 3061, 3067, 3079, 3083, 3089, 3109, 3119, 3121, 3137, 3163, 3167, 3169, 3181, 3187, 3191, 3203, 3209, 3217, 3221, 3229, 3251, 3253, 3257, 3259, 3271, 3299, 3301, 3307, 3313, 3319, 3323, 3329, 3331, 3343, 3347, 3359, 3361, 3371, 3373, 3389, 3391, 3407, 3413, 3433, 3449, 3457, 3461, 3463, 3467, 3469, 3491, 3499, 3511, 3517, 3527, 3529, 3533, 3539, 3541, 3547, 3557, 3559, 3571, 3581, 3583, 3593, 3607, 3613, 3617, 3623, 3631, 3637, 3643, 3659, 3671, 3673, 3677, 3691, 3697, 3701, 3709, 3719, 3727, 3733, 3739, 3761, 3767, 3769, 3779, 3793, 3797, 3803, 3821, 3823, 3833, 3847, 3851, 3853, 3863, 3877, 3881, 3889, 3907, 3911, 3917, 3919, 3923, 3929, 3931, 3943, 3947, 3967, 3989, 4001, 4003, 4007, 4013, 4019, 4021, 4027, 4049, 4051, 4057, 4073, 4079, 4091, 4093, 4099, 4111, 4127, 4129, 4133, 4139, 4153, 4157, 4159, 4177, 4201, 4211, 4217, 4219, 4229, 4231, 4241, 4243, 4253, 4259, 4261, 4271, 4273, 4283, 4289, 4297, 4327, 4337, 4339, 4349, 4357, 4363, 4373, 4391, 4397, 4409, 4421, 4423, 4441, 4447, 4451, 4457, 4463, 4481, 4483, 4493, 4507, 4513, 4517, 4519, 4523, 4547, 4549, 4561, 4567, 4583, 4591, 4597, 4603, 4621, 4637, 4639, 4643, 4649, 4651, 4657, 4663, 4673, 4679, 4691, 4703, 4721, 4723, 4729, 4733, 4751, 4759, 4783, 4787, 4789, 4793, 4799, 4801, 4813, 4817, 4831, 4861, 4871, 4877, 4889, 4903, 4909, 4919, 4931, 4933, 4937, 4943, 4951, 4957, 4967, 4969, 4973, 4987, 4993, 4999, 5003, 5009, 5011, 5021, 5023, 5039, 5051, 5059, 5077, 5081, 5087, 5099, 5101, 5107, 5113, 5119, 5147, 5153, 5167, 5171, 5179, 5189, 5197, 5209, 5227, 5231, 5233, 5237, 5261, 5273, 5279, 5281, 5297, 5303, 5309, 5323, 5333, 5347, 5351, 5381, 5387, 5393, 5399, 5407, 5413, 5417, 5419, 5431, 5437, 5441, 5443, 5449, 5471, 5477, 5479, 5483, 5501, 5503, 5507, 5519, 5521, 5527, 5531, 5557, 5563, 5569, 5573, 5581, 5591, 5623, 5639, 5641, 5647, 5651, 5653, 5657, 5659, 5669, 5683, 5689, 5693, 5701, 5711, 5717, 5737, 5741, 5743, 5749, 5779, 5783, 5791, 5801, 5807, 5813, 5821, 5827, 5839, 5843, 5849, 5851, 5857, 5861, 5867, 5869, 5879, 5881, 5897, 5903, 5923, 5927, 5939, 5953, 5981, 5987, 6007, 6011, 6029, 6037, 6043, 6047, 6053, 6067, 6073, 6079, 6089, 6091, 6101, 6113, 6121, 6131, 6133, 6143, 6151, 6163, 6173, 6197, 6199, 6203, 6211, 6217, 6221, 6229, 6247, 6257, 6263, 6269, 6271, 6277, 6287, 6299, 6301, 6311, 6317, 6323, 6329, 6337, 6343, 6353, 6359, 6361, 6367, 6373, 6379, 6389, 6397, 6421, 6427, 6449, 6451, 6469, 6473, 6481, 6491, 6521, 6529, 6547, 6551, 6553, 6563, 6569, 6571, 6577, 6581, 6599, 6607, 6619, 6637, 6653, 6659, 6661, 6673, 6679, 6689, 6691, 6701, 6703, 6709, 6719, 6733, 6737, 6761, 6763, 6779, 6781, 6791, 6793, 6803, 6823, 6827, 6829, 6833, 6841, 6857, 6863, 6869, 6871, 6883, 6899, 6907, 6911, 6917, 6947, 6949, 6959, 6961, 6967, 6971, 6977, 6983, 6991, 6997, 7001, 7013, 7019, 7027, 7039, 7043, 7057, 7069, 7079, 7103, 7109, 7121, 7127, 7129, 7151, 7159, 7177, 7187, 7193, 7207, 7211, 7213, 7219, 7229, 7237, 7243, 7247, 7253, 7283, 7297, 7307, 7309, 7321, 7331, 7333, 7349, 7351, 7369, 7393, 7411, 7417, 7433, 7451, 7457, 7459, 7477, 7481, 7487, 7489, 7499, 7507, 7517, 7523, 7529, 7537, 7541, 7547, 7549, 7559, 7561, 7573, 7577, 7583, 7589, 7591, 7603, 7607, 7621, 7639, 7643, 7649, 7669, 7673, 7681, 7687, 7691, 7699, 7703, 7717, 7723, 7727, 7741, 7753, 7757, 7759, 7789, 7793, 7817, 7823, 7829, 7841, 7853, 7867, 7873, 7877, 7879, 7883, 7901, 7907, 7919
