Ngati pali china chake chovuta kuphunzira m'zilankhulo komanso chodana kwambiri ndi ophunzira, ndichoncho conjugate verbs mu Chifalansa. Mwamwayi, mchilankhulo chaku France, mfundo zoyeserera ndizofanana ndi zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito m'Chisipanishi, potanthauza izi matanthauzidwe amasinthidwa molingana ndi mutu womwe umawachita komanso wakale (m'mbuyomu, pakadali pano kapena mtsogolo) mu zomwe zimachitika.
Chilankhulo cha Chifalansa chili ndi ziganizo za 16 kwathunthu ndipo mwa izi, 5 ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zochitika zambiri. Lero tikupatsani njira / masitepe 4 kuti muthe kusinthasintha zenizeni za Chifalansa.
Zamkatimu
Fomu No. 1: Kupanikizika kwa mgwirizano
Kupanga zenizeni
Kumbukirani kuti kulumikizana ndikofanana ndi "kupanga" verebu molingana ndi zomwe mukuzinena, izi zimachitikanso m'Chisipanishi, monga chitsanzo: titha kunena kuti "amalumpha" koma mwachidziwikire titha kusintha mawu oti "kulumpha" ngati munthuyo kapena kani, yemwe akuchita izi ndi "inu". Tikapita ku French, kugwirizanako ndikofanana: mutu uliwonse (ife, iwowo, inu) umakhala ndi vuto lina.
Kumbukirani matchulidwe
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuphatikiza ziganizo zachi French kuti kumbukirani omwe ali matchulidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mchilankhulochi, yomwe ili ndi chilankhulo chowonjezera ku Spanish.
- Ine = heh.
- Iye, iye, izo = il, elle, kupitirira.
- Inu = inu.
- Ife = Nous.
- Iwo, Iwo = ils, iwo.
- Inu kapena inu = ndinu.
Kumbukirani zosiyana zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawu
Ngati mneni ulibe cholumikizira chofananira, amadziwika kuti "wopanda malire". M'chilankhulo cha Spain, machitidwe osiyanasiyana amawu amatengera ar, ir, ndi er (mwachitsanzo kuyenda, kuthamanga, ndi zina zambiri). M'chilankhulo cha Chifalansa, infinitives amakhala ndi zenizeni monga kupita (kapena kupita) kapena kuyankha (kuyankha). Zosatha zimapangitsa mawu kukhala maziko ndipo ndizomwe zimasinthidwa tikazipatsa kulumikizana komwe tikufuna.
Dziwani zomwe zimadziwika kuti zenizeni (pali zitatu zonse)
Titha kugawa zenizeni zachifalansa mu mitundu itatu malinga ndi kutha kwa zopanda malire zomwe zikufanana nawo. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi malamulo angapo olumikizana ndipo muyenera kuwadziwa kuti muphatikize ziganizo zachi French.
-Mawu omwe amathera mu "go": kwa mawu monga "kuwombera" (kuomba m'manja) ndi "kumaliza" (kumaliza).
-Mawu omwe amathera mu "re": amaphatikizapo zenizeni monga "kumvetsetsa" (mverani).
-Mawu omwe amathera mu "er": kwa zenizeni monga "modyera" (kudya) kapena "parler" (kuyankhula).
Phunzirani zenizeni zosasintha
Monga pachilankhulo chilichonse, ndipo Chifalansa sichosiyana, pali ziganizo zomwe zidasiya kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo amodzimodzi olumikizana ndi enawo, kupatula izi, nthawi yayitali yamasamba ndiyosiyana, chifukwa cha zenizeni zosasinthasintha nthawi zambiri amasaka nthawi yolumikizirana.
Tidzakusonyezani mndandanda womwe mungapeze mawu osagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi.
- Ser = mtengo:
- Mukufuna = Vouloir
- Chitani = Chitani
- Pitani = Aller
- Khalani = Kupewa
- Ikani, ikani = Mettre
Fomu Nº 2: Konzani ziganizo zachi French m'mbuyomu simple = passé composé
Gwiritsani ntchito zosavuta zaposachedwa pazineni zomwe zatha m'mbuyomu
Passé composé kapena m'mbuyomu yosavuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zenizeni zomwe zoyambira ndi zomaliza zawo zimakhazikika bwino, mwachitsanzo "ndinaponya pensulo" kapena "ayenda kwambiri". Pazineni zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi, monga nthawi ya nyengo, nthawi ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zakale zosavuta kapena zolemba zaposachedwa ndizofala kwambiri mchilankhulo cha Chifalansa.
Konzani mawu oti "kukhala" pakadali pano
Pofuna kuyamba ziganizo zachifalansa kuchokera m'mbuyomu, ziyenera kuzindikirika kuti zomalizazi zimapanga zovuta, ndiye kuti zimapangidwa ndi magawo awiri. Gawo loyambalo limapangidwa kuchokera pakuphatikizika kwa mneni kukhala ndi (avoir), womwe ungakwaniritse ntchito yofanana ndi verebu "kukhala nawo" mchilankhulo cha Spain, mwachitsanzo "Ndasita" kapena "Amumanga". Tiyeni tikukumbutseni za mgwirizano wa verebu “kukhala”:
- Khalani = Kupewa = elles ont, tu as, i'ai, vous avez, il a, nous avons.
Pezani zochitika za m'mbuyomu
Ngati tithe kusanthula chiganizo "Ndathamanga", muwona kuti "kuthamanga" sikukufanana ndi kulumikizana kulikonse kwa "kuthamanga", izi zimapezekanso mchilankhulo cha Chifalansa, zomwe zimachitika munthawi yapitayi zili ndi njira kutha mosiyana, ndipo chinthu chabwino ndikuti sizovuta kukumbukira:
- Vesi zomwe zimathera mu "er": "e" Mwachitsanzo: montré
- Verezi zomwe zimathera mu "go": "i" Chitsanzo: réussi
- Vesi lotha "re": "u" Mwachitsanzo. Ndinamvetsetsa
Zakale = Lowani magawo awiriwa
Zomwe muyenera kuchita pakadali pano ndikulumikiza kulumikizana kwa verebu "kukhala" ndi zomwe tidatenga kale ndipo chifukwa chake tidzakhala ndi verebu m'mbuyomu. Ngati tikulankhula zofananira, kufanana kwa mgwirizano mu Chisipanishi womwe tidawona m'mbuyomu kungakhale "Ndathamanga" kapena "Aombera", ngakhale atha kutanthauzidwanso kuti "Ndathamanga" kapena "Adawombera ". Zitsanzo:
- Munthu woyamba: "ai + mneni" Ndidayankhula = Ndikufuna
- Munthu wachiwiri "as + verb" Mudamaliza = Mwatha
- Munthu wachitatu "mneni" Adamva = Il compreu.
- Munthu woyamba "avons + mneni" Tidachita bwino = Ndife okondwa
- Second person plural "avez + verb" Mudayesa = Nkhani yanu ili pafupi kwambiri
- Munthu wachitatu "ont + verb" Adayankha = Elles ont repondu.
Vesi zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kukhala m'malo mozemba
Pafupifupi zonse zomwe amachita mu Chifalansa zimagwiritsa ntchito chilinganizo (avoir + m'mbuyomu), ngakhale kuti tithe kugwirizanitsa zina mwazosavuta m'mbuyomu tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito: kukhala (kukhala) + kutenga nawo gawo m'mbuyomu, momwemonso kumasulira kwake kudzakhala monga zochita m'mbuyomu (mwachitsanzo: ndidagwa). Verebu zomwe zatchulidwa ndi izi:
- kupumula, kukhala, kutsika, kubwera, kubwerera, kuyimba, kunyamuka, kuyendetsa, manda, kutchinga, kulimbitsa thupi, kulowetsa, kubwereketsa, kubweza, kubweza, kulira.
Verebu ili limadziwika ngati zenizeni zosasinthika.
Gwiritsani ntchito «être» m'malo mwa «kukhala»
Tiyenera kuchita izi kuti tigwirizanitse ziganizo mu Chifalansa zomwe tidatchula kale. Tikangophunzira kuti ndi aneni ati omwe ayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi «kukhala»(" Kukhala ") tiyenera kulumikizana nawo m'mbuyomu kuti tiwapatse mgwirizano wawo munthawi yapitayi, mwatsatanetsatane kukumbukira ndikuti kutenga nawo mbali kuyenera kukhala kogwirizana ndi munthu amene akuchita ntchitoyi. Pazambiri, "s" imawonjezeredwa pamtunduwo ndipo kwa anthu achikazi kalata "e" yawonjezedwa:
- Munthu woyamba (mneni + suis) Yo caí = (Zikatere munthuyo ndi wamkazi) Ndimakonda kumanda
- Munthu wachiwiri (es + verebu) Wagwa = Ndinu manda
- Munthu wachitatu (est + verb) Wagwa = I est tombé
- Munthu woyamba kuchuluka (ma sommes + mawu) Tidagwa = Nous sommes manda
- Wachiwiri wachiwiri (êtes + verb) Wagwa = Mumakonda manda
- Munthu wachitatu (sont + verb) Agwa = Elles anali manda
Fomu No. 3: Kuphatikizika pakadali pano
Zamakono = Khalidwe / Zamakono
Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pano pamene verebu likugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira yanthawi zonse. Mwamwayi mu French zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mofananamo ndi Chisipanishi, vesi ili limagwiritsidwa ntchito kumasulira ziganizo ngati "Adagwera pamtengo." M'mawu osiyanasiyana, pali magulu atatu oyambira komanso ma verb ena (zochita zomwe sizigwiritsa ntchito malamulo wamba). Magawo oyambira a ziganizo ndi awa:
- Vesi lotha "pitani"
- Vesi zomwe zimathera mu "re"
- Vesi zomwe zimathera mu "er"
Phatikizani omwe amatha "er"
Tiyenera kuphatikiza matanthauzidwe achi French omwe amathera mu "er", m'malo mwake kumatha ndi ena; Maina ena akutchulira osiyanasiyana (iye, ife, ine, ndi ena) amakhala ndi mathedwe ena omwe "er" akuyenera kusinthidwa. Mapeto ake ndi awa: e, e, es, ons, ez, ent. Monga chitsanzo tigwiritsa ntchito mneni "parler" (kuyankhula):
- Munthu woyamba "e" ndimayankhula = Ndimadandaula
- Munthu wachiwiri "ndi" Mumalankhula = Mumalankhula
- Munthu wachitatu "e" Amalankhula = Il parle
- Munthu woyamba "ons" Timalankhula = Nous parlons
- Second person plural "ez" Mumalankhula = You parlez
- Munthu wachitatu "ent" Amayankhula = Elles modzipereka
Konzani ziganizo zachi French zomwe zimathera mu "go"
Sinthani aneni awa ndi mathero ena, izi zimachitika posintha malinga ndi mawu akuti:
Zotulutsa, zotulutsa, ndizo, ndizo. Tigwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwa kuomba m'manja (“kuwombera m'manja”) monga chitsanzo cha mwambowu:
- Munthu woyamba "ndi" Ndikuwombera -> J'applaudis.
- Munthu wachiwiri "ndi" Mumawombera -> Tu kuyamika
- Munthu wachitatu "it" Amawomba m'manja -> Ndikuyamikira
- Munthu woyamba "ambiri" Tikuwombera ->Kuwombera kwathu
- Second person plural "issez" Mukuwomba -> Inu mumawombera
- Munthu wachitatu "wotulutsa" Amawomba m'manja -> Kuwombera kwa Ils,
Lumikizanani ma verbs omwe amathera mu re
Poterepa tidzasinthanso mathedwewo ndi ena, tiyenera kutsindika kuti awa ndi matchulidwe ofala, koma ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe momwe mungasinthire chimodzimodzi. Mapeto osintha sadzakhala: kanthu, ons, ez, ent, s ndi s. Kuphatikiza kwa munthu wachitatu, kutanthauza kuti iye kapena iye, kulibe mgwirizano. Mwachitsanzo, titenga mawu oti ayankhe (répondre):
- Munthu woyamba "s" Ndiyankha -> Ndimayankha
- Munthu wachiwiri "Mumayankha -> Mayankho anu
- Munthu wachitatu "palibe" Amayankha -> Ndili pafupi
- Munthu woyamba "ons" Timayankha -> Nous repldons
- Second person plural "ez" Mumayankha -> Mumayankha
- Munthu wachitatu "ent" Amayankha -> Elles wokonda
Phunzirani kuphatikiza ziganizo zosasinthasintha pafupipafupi
Mutha kudziwa kuti zenizeni zosasinthasintha ndizambiri, koma tikudandaula kukuwuzani kuti ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungazigwirizanitsire, pansipa tikupatsani zitsanzo zochepa, zina zonse zomwe mungafufuze mwa kuyika "mawu + olumikizira m'Chifalansa ”mu Google.
- Mukhale ndi = kukhala = Avons, J'ai, ndinu avez, il a, elles ont, tu as
- Ir = Aller = okha vas, il va, vous allez, elles vont, nous allons, je vais
Fomu Nº 4: Kuphatikiza kwa zenizeni munthawi yapitayi
Vesi zomwe zidachitika kwakanthawi
Ndikofunikira kudziwa izi opanda ungwiro wakale amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazineni zomwe zimachitika kwakanthawi. M'Chisipanishi mutuwu ndi wofanananso, nthawi yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zenizeni zomwe zidachitika kale koma osati mphindi imodzi (Ex: "Ndidasewera basketball ndili ndi zaka 15" kapena "Amafunsa pizza tsiku lililonse", mu zitsanzo izi mwina mukuloza nthawi zina pomwe amalamula pizza kapena kusewera basketball)
Verebu ili liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachitsanzo pazochita kapena ma verbs pafupipafupi, zaka, nthawi yamanyengo, kunena za kukhala, kudzaza deta kapena malingaliro osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yapitayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zomwe zimachitika munkhani ("Ndasesa mumsewu") ndipo nthawi yapitayi yosagwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito podzaza ("Ndinali ndi zaka 15", "Kunali mitambo")
Pezani muzu wa zomwe mwapondereza "ons"
Izi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku ziganizo zachi French zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi munthu woyamba komanso wochulukaKuti mupeze muzu, muyenera kuchotsa "ons" yotsiriza, imagwiranso ntchito ma verbs osasinthasintha. Ngati mukufuna kuyamba kuphatikiza ziganizo zachi French m'mbuyomu zopanda ungwiro, chotsani "ons" pakulumikizana kwa munthuyo ndi zovuta zomwe zanenedwa koyambirira. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kapena kuyendetsedwa mchilankhulo cha Spain, mwachitsanzo muzu wa verebu ndi "ndi" (ando, andas, andamos, anduviste). Zitsanzo:
- Fiare = faisons = fais
- Kutsiriza = finissons = finniss
- Kupewa = avons = av
Pali a kupatula lamuloli zomwe timatchula ndipo ndilo verebu «»Tre»Kulumikizana kwake mwa munthu woyamba sikumatha "ons" («ife zina«). Muzu wa izi ndi "ét".
Gwirizanitsani mathero azomwe zidakwaniritsidwa kale pamzu
Tichita izi kuti tipeze mgwirizanowu mu Chifalansa, mosiyana ndi zolembedwa zomwe zidapangidwa kapena zosavuta m'mbuyomu, zopanda ungwiro zakale zimapangidwa m'mawu. Chifukwa chake zomwe tiyenera kuchita ndikuphatikiza mathero pamizu. Mwachitsanzo, titha kupanga mawu oti kuthirira (kuyang'ana):
- Munthu woyamba (ais) ndimayang'ana = Heh irrdais
- Munthu wachiwiri (ais) Munayang'ana = Mudzathirira
- Munthu wachitatu (ait) Anawoneka = Ndili bwino.
- Munthu woyamba kuchuluka (ayoni) Tidayang'ana = Zofunika kwambiri
- Wachiwiri munthu wambiri (iez) Munayang'ana = Mumakonda
- Munthu wachitatu (aient) Amayang'ana = Elles amakwiya
Pakadali pano maphunziro athu amomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ziganizo mu Chifalansa abwera, tikukhulupirira kuti zakuthandizirani, ngakhale palibe amene ananena kuti ndi chilankhulo chosavuta, ndi nkhani yophunzira ndikuigwiritsa ntchito. Zabwino zonse ndi izo!
Chidziwitso: Ngati kuwerenga zonse ndikutopetsa kwa inu, timakusiyirani makanema kuti muphunzire kuphatikiza ziganizo zachifalansa mosavuta, makamaka kuti muphunzire Kutchulidwa kwachi French:
Gwirizanitsani zenizeni zenizeni mu ER
