Manambala aku Egypt kuyambira 1 mpaka 100

Dziko lokhala ndi manambala mu Ufumu wa Egypt ndilopatsa chidwi. Lero titha kuwerenga ndi kulemba manambala momwe amalemba. Kodi mukufuna kuphunzira kulemba nawo? Pitilizani kuwerenga ndipo mupeza makiyi onse.

Chinthu choyamba chimene tiyenera kuchita ndi kusiyana pakati pa kuyimilira kwa manambala m'zilembo za dzanja limodzi, zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba mwala ndipo ndi zomwe tidzaphunzire kulemba, komano kuyimilira kofananako , zomwe zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndipo ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulemba tsiku ndi tsiku papepala lodziwika bwino.

Ngakhale masiku ano munthu atha kupeza zolemba zakale zomwe zimawonetsa kudziwa zambiri zamasamu, koma chidwi chake chofuna kuphunzira kuchokera ku chiphunzitso cha masamu ndichofunika kuyamikiridwa.

Ngakhale kuti olemba adakulitsa chikhalidwe chawo m'nkhani yawo, olemba achi Greek adatchula Aigupto ngati aphunzitsi m'masamu ambiri monga masamu kapena masamu.

Aigupto adagwiritsa ntchito manambalawa kuyambira Middle Kingdom ya Egypt, ngakhale sanagwiritse ntchito kwenikweni polemba tsiku ndi tsiku pamapukusi. Popeza panthawiyi olamulira kale anali atagwiritsidwa ntchito, njira yolembera yomwe idalola alembi kuti alembe mwachangu kwambiri.

Komabe, pokhudzana ndi kusema miyala awa ma cryptograms adagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Timaphunzira chilankhulo cha hieroglyphics chifukwa chaulendo, wolamulidwa ndi Napoleon Bonaparte, mu 1799. Ulendo woterewu udapeza cholembera chachikulu ku Rosetta, Egypt, chomwe England idatenga zaka zitatu pambuyo pake ndipo lero chili ku British Museum ku London.

Mwalawo uli ndi zolemba m'zinenero zitatu zosiyana: zolemba, zojambula zachiigupto, ndi Chigiriki chakale; wotchedwa Rosetta Stone.

Mu 1822, a Jean François Champollion, adayamba kumvetsetsa ndipo chaka chotsatira a Thomas Young nawonso adathandizira pantchitoyi. M'zaka zapitazi olemba ena ambiri adalowa nawo ntchitoyi, motero amvetsetsa chilankhulo cha zilembo zamtundu wa anthu onse.

Zachidziwikire, chofunikira kwambiri pamasamu ndi Henrich Brugsch, popeza mu 1849 adafalitsa "Numerorum apud Veteres Aegyptios", buku loyamba lofufuza masamu aku Egypt mu Mbiri Yamakono ".

Momwe Mungawerengere Manambala aku Egypt: Zizindikiro ndi Mtengo

Zizindikiro izi za hieroglyphic zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira mphamvu zosiyanasiyana za khumi:

• Ndodo yoyendera. Imayimira mayunitsi:
• Asa. Yimirani makumi:
• Chingwe chokutira. Imani mazana:
• Duwa la Lotus. Zimayimira magawo a chikwi:
• Zala. Zimayimira makumi masauzande:                       
• Chule (kapena kachilombo). Zimayimira mazana masauzande:  ()
• Heh (mulungu wamuyaya ndi muyaya). Zimayimira milioni imodzi kapena zopanda malire:

Kuti timvetse bwino, takonzekera chithunzi ndi mndandanda wa manambala aku Egypt kuyambira 1 mpaka 100, ndi zina zambiri:

Chifukwa chake ngati nambala yoyimira ndi 1.322, titha kulemba

Kapenanso titha kulemba:monga momwe zitha kulembedwera mwanjira iliyonse.

Muyenera kudziwa kuti 0 kunalibe (mpaka mafumu a XIII, ku Middle Egypt) kenako chizindikiro chodziwika bwino "nfr" chidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito papyrus ndi m'mafanizo a hieroglyphic. Ngakhale izi zidatanthawuza malo opanda kanthu omwe analipo asanafike 1 (ndipo pambuyo pake adzakhala malire pakati pa manambala abwino ndi osavomerezeka). Koma sizinaganiziridwe kuti zidzaza manambala momwe timagwiritsira ntchito zilembo zathu zachiarabu, chifukwa zolembedwazi zimabwera pambuyo pake.

Malamulo osintha manambala aku Egypt kukhala Chiarabu (manambala athu)

Titha kuwerenga ndikumasulira ma hieroglyphs m'manambala athu achiarabu pongotembenuza njira yomwe ili pamwambapa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tiwona nambala yolembedwa pamwalatitha kudziwa kuti ndi 45.003.

• Zitha kulembedwa kuyambira kumanzere kupita kumanja komanso mosemphanitsa, komanso motsatana (pamwamba mpaka pansi).
• Gwiritsani ntchito zizindikilo zambiri momwe mungafunire (kuyambira 1 mpaka 9) kuyimira nambala yomwe mukufuna.
• Agaweni iwo m'mabwalo omwe zizindikilo zambiri zimabwerezedwa: .
• Mukadakhala mlembi waku Aigupto muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito izi polemba miyala, kuti mulembe papyri kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zilembo zosonyeza kukondera kwa Aiguputo.
• Manambala aku Egypt amatha kuyimiridwa ndi manambala kapena
• Kupanga malamulo: oyamba anali ndi chizindikiro chapadera: . Kuyambira wachiwiri mpaka wachisanu ndi chinayi muyenera kungoonjezera jug nambala, mwachitsanzo:. Ndipo kuyambira pa khumi ndikupita patsogolo amapangidwa powonjezera imodzi yotchedwa "fill" ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe awa:

Masamu achiigupto

Aigupto anali akudziwa kale masamu pamlingo winawake, poganizira kuti tilibe umboni mpaka ku Middle Egypt kuti amadziwa nambala 0. Zolemba zakale kwambiri zaku Aigupto zomwe tikudziwa zosonyeza kugwiritsa ntchito masamu ku Egypt ndi Papyrus waku Moscow, womwe udayambiranso kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mpaka zaka 2000-1800 BC

Koma kumbukirani kuti chifukwa cha izi adagwiritsa ntchito zilembo zina kuposa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma hieroglyphics omwe tawona pamwambapa. Aigupto m'malemba awo adalemba (osati manambala okha koma ena onse) mchilankhulo chawo, chiwonetsero chachiiguputo, chomwe chidalembedwa mwachikhalidwe.

Ndi machitidwe awa Aigupto adalemba mwachangu kwambiri, chifukwa amafunikira zilembo zochepa kuti ziyimire nambala yomweyo.

Mwina kuyambira kale kwambiri, koma tikudziwa ndendende kuti koyambirira kwa 1650 BC adadziwa za kuwonjezera ndi kuchotsa, kuchulukitsa ndi magawano, masamu ndi masamu, zigawo zazing'ono, zigawo zowerengeka ndi ziwerengero zazikulu, masamu, jiometri ndi harmonic njira, ndi momwe kuti athetse ma equation ofanana. Komanso kuyambira 1300 a. C. amatha kuthetsa ma equation algebraic equations (quadratic) achiwiri.

Zosangalatsa pomwe? Tangolingalirani za mapiramidi akulu: Kodi mumadziwa kuti ndi otchuka chifukwa cha kulondola kwa masamu? Umenewu ndiumboni wina wosintha kwamasamu aku Egypt omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito, pomanga, pomanga.

Ponena za tizigawo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadziwa , chithunzi chopangidwa ndi pakamwa potseguka. Monga ngati kuyesa nambala yomwe "imadya" yokha mofanizira.

Imayimira machesi amodzi ndi nambala yomwe mwayika pambali pake. Kuphatikiza pakuyimira tizigawo ting'onoting'ono, ndiye kuti, kachigawo kamodzi pakati pa nambala iliyonse, analinso ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu (2/3) ndi atatu achinayi (3/4).

Kuphatikiza tizigawo ting'onoting'ono pamiyendo ingapo pazosema tili ndi zochitika ziwiri zotheka: mapazi "amayenda" motsata zomwe alemba kapena mapazi amatsutsana nawo. Ngati apita mbali yomwe ikufotokozedwera, amatanthauza kuwonjezera. Ngati, pamapazi ena, mapazi akuyenda mbali inayo, zikutanthauza kuchotsa.