Kutchulidwa mu Chipwitikizi: katchulidwe ndi zitsanzo

Maitanidwe mu Chipwitikizi (ndi m'zilankhulo zina) ndi mawu osinthika ndipo kawirikawiri tsatirani maina. Amakonda kuzolowera:

• Onetsani anthu omwe atenga nawo mbali pazokambirana kapena zolankhula
• Fotokozerani chithandizo ndi mitundu yachitukuko
• Pangani ziganizo zovuta

Kupindulitsa kwa matchulidwe ndikuti lolani kupereka mgwirizano ndi tanthauzo kumatanthauzidwe, m'njira yoti athe kuwonetsa dongosolo, mawonekedwe ake ndikuthandizira kwathu kuti timvetsetse uthenga womwe akufuna kutiuza.

Momwe mungalembe matchulidwe mu Chipwitikizi

Osagwirizana

khalidwe	Mawu (Chipwitikizi)	Kutanthauzira Chisipanishi)
Primera	Ine, ine, ine, ine	Zanga, zanga, zanga, zanga
Chachiwiri	Teu, iwe, iwe, iwe	Inu, inu, anu, anu
Chachitatu	Inu, inu, inu, inu	Wake, wake, wake, wake

Zambiri

khalidwe	Mawu (Chipwitikizi)	Kutanthauzira Chisipanishi)
Primera	Nosso, nossa, nossos, nosas	Zathu, zathu, zathu, zathu
Chachiwiri	Vosa, vosa, vosa, vosa	Inu, anu, anu, anu
Chachitatu	Inu, inu, inu, inu	Wake, wake, wake, wake

Zitsanzo zogwiritsa ntchito

Zitsanzo zina za momwe matchulidwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito mu Chipwitikizi ndi awa:

• Nyumba iyi ndi yanga. Nyumba ija ndi minha
• Malaya ndi anga. Monga malaya são minhas
• Nyumba zanu ndizabwino. Vossas nyumba são kaso
• Mphamvu zake ndizosangalatsa. Mphamvu zake ndizosangalatsa

Nachi chithunzi chomwe mutha kutsitsa pafoni yanu kuti ikuthandizeni kuphunzira:

Maina osadziwika

M'chilankhulo cha Chipwitikizi amatchedwa akuti maina osasinthika amagwiritsidwanso ntchito omwe akuwonetsa anthu, zinthu kapena maphunziro omwe sanatchulidwe, mwachitsanzo:

• Ena, ena, ena, ena: Ena, ena, ena ena
• Wina: wina
• Chinachake chinachake
• Zotsimikizika, zotsimikizika, zotsimikizika, zotsimikizika!
• Nenhum, nenhuma: palibe, palibe
• Zambiri, zingati, zingati, zingati: zingati, zingati, zingati, zingati
• Zochuluka kwambiri, zochuluka kwambiri: zochuluka kwambiri, zochuluka kwambiri, zochuluka kwambiri
• Zingapo, zingapo: zingapo ndi zingapo
• Muito, muita, muitos, muitas: Zambiri, zambiri, zambiri, zambiri
• Pouco, pouca, poucos, poucas: Pang'ono, pang'ono, ochepa, ochepa
• Outro, outra, outros, outras: Ena, ena, ena, ena
• Mkhalidwe: aliyense
• Onse, Onse, Onse, Onse: Onse, Onse, Onse, Onse
• Tudo: zonse
• Palibe kanthu
• Yonse: iliyonse

Zitsanzo zogwiritsira ntchito matchulidwe osatha

• Tsiku lina ndidzakhala wokondwa: Tsiku lina ndidzakhala wokondwa
• China chake chikuchitika apa: China chake chikuchitika apa
• Ndi zoona kuti ndi wokongola : Ndizowona kuti ndi wokongola
• Palibe munthu amene wabwera kudzandichezera: Palibe amene adandiona ndikubwera
• Moti ndimamukonda: Zambiri zomwe ndikufuna
• Pali zowonadi zingapo zomwe ndiyenera kunena: Pali zowonadi zingapo zomwe ndiyenera kunena
• Aliyense akhoza kukhala m'nyumba: Zoyenera kuchita pasadakhale
• Ndilibe chilichonse chatsalira pazomwe ndachita: Palibe chomwe chimatsalira kwa ine

Manenedwe ofunsa mafunso

Matchulidwe achi Chipwitikizi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufunsa mafunso enieni, kaya mwachindunji kapena mwachindunji.

• Monga?  Monga?
• Kuti?   Chiyani?
• Kuti? Kuti?
• Quem? Who?
• Angati? Angati?
• Chani? Chiti?
• Liti? Liti?
• Chifukwa? Chifukwa chiyani?
• Kuti? Kuti?
• Akuchokera kuti? Kuchokera kuti?

Zitsanzo

• Ndingakhale bwanji wosangalala m'moyo?: Ndingakhale bwanji wosangalala m'moyo?
• Mukuchita chiyani kuti muwoneke?: Kapena mukutani kuti muwoneke?
• Muli kuti pompano?: Muli kuti pakadali pano?
• Kodi njira yopambana ndi iti?: Kodi njira ya mwambowu ndiyotani?

Maina ovuta

Maitanidwe ovuta ali ndi magwiridwe antchito owonekera pamasentensi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ayenerere maphunziro malinga ndi kuchuluka kwawo, m'modzi kapena m'modzi.

Osagwirizana

• eu: ine
• inu inu
• ele, ela: iye kapena iye

Zambiri

• ife:  ife
• inu: inu
• eles, elas: iwo ndi iwo

Zitsanzo za matchulidwe ovuta

• Ndine munthu waluso: Ndine katswiri
• Ndiwe munthu wokoma mtima: Ndiwe munthu wofatsa
• Ndi dokotala wodziwika: Ndi dokotala wina
• Timaphunzira pa yunivesite ina yotchuka: Timaphunzira pa yunivesite ina yotchuka
• Akubwera usikuuno: Eles virão usiku uno

Maina achionetsero

Maina achionetsero ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu galamala ya Chipwitikizi kuti adziwe komwe kuli munthu nthawi zonse mogwirizana ndi munthu amene amayankhulidwa mu chiganizo. Ndikoyenera kutchula izi mulibe chiwonetsero chachiwonetsero mu Chipwitikizi.

Osagwirizana

Male East- (this) Esse - (that) That- (that)

Feminino Esta- (this) Essa - (that) That- (that)

Zambiri

Male Estes- (these) Esses- (those) those- (amenewo)

Feminino These- (these) Essas- (those) those- (amenewo)

Zitsanzo za matchulidwe owonetsa

• Gome ili lilibe chithandizo chokhala: Tebulo ili lilibe chithandizo chokhala pansi
• Zaka zimenezo zinapita mofulumira kwambiri: Zaka zimenezo zinapita mofulumira kwambiri

Maina achibale mu Chipwitikizi amagawika m'mitundu ndi zosasintha ndipo ndi awa:

Zosiyanasiyana

• kapena ndinu chiyani:  amene,  zomwe
• cujo cujos: amene
• Mkhalidwe wa quais: ndi uti womwe
• angati angati:  zingati  angati
• cujo cujos cuja cujas:  amene ali ndi ndani

Zosasintha

• kuti:  que
• funso: ndani
• kuti: kuti

Zitsanzo zogwiritsa ntchito

• Kodi zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji: Kodi zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji
• Nyuzipepala ndiyopambana, yomwe imafalitsa nkhani zotchuka: Zoseketsa zidachitika, zomwe zimabweretsa nkhani yotchuka

Izi zakhala zonse lero, tikukhulupirira kuti wotitsogolera pamanenedwe achi Chipwitikizi adakuthandizani ndipo kumbukirani kuwunika tsamba lonselo kuti mupitilize kuphunzira zilankhulo m'njira yosavuta komanso yaulere. Kuti titsirize, tikusiyirani kanema yemwe angakuthandizeni pakutchula matchulidwe mu Chipwitikizi: