Twilight of the Gods ndi filimu yaku Germany ya 1950 yotsogozedwa ndi director waku Germany, FW Murnau. Zachokera pa buku lodziwika bwino lomwe linalembedwa ndi a Thomas Mann ndipo ndi sewero lazamaganizo lomwe limasanthula mikangano yamkati pakati pa chikhumbo chamunthu ndi makhalidwe ovomerezeka ndi anthu. Kanemayu amatsatira Hans (Mathias Wieman), wolemekezeka wachinyamata yemwe amakondana ndi Lola (Lilian Harvey), wovina wa cabaret, ndipo amalimbana ndi banja lake kuti amukwatire. Pamene nkhaniyi ikupita, tikuwona momwe anthu akuluakulu amamenyana ndi ziwanda zawo zamkati pamene akuyesera kupeza njira yawo yamakono. Twilight of the Gods imatengedwa kuti ndi yachikalekale mu cinema yaku Germany ndipo idasankhidwa kukhala Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay mu 1951. Firimuyi ili ndi zophiphiritsa zakuya ndi zithunzi zokongola zamakanema zomwe zikuwonetsa zovuta za mutu wapakati: kusamvana pakati pa anthu ndi anthu. zaumulungu.
Chidule
Twilight of the Gods ndi imodzi mwa nkhani zodziwika kwambiri mu nthano za Norse. Nkhaniyi ikunena za kutha kwa dziko monga milungu ndi ngwazi zimadziwira, komanso momwe onse amakonzekerera tsogolo losapeŵeka lomwe likuwayembekezera.
Nkhaniyi imayamba ndi ulosi wa wamasomphenya wotchedwa Völuspá, yemwe amalosera kuti Ragnarok, kapena Mapeto a Dziko, ali pafupi. Ulosi umenewu umakwaniritsidwa milungu ikalandira uthenga wakuti mdani wawo woopsa kwambiri, chimphona Loki, wathawa m’ndende yake. Loki akubwera ndi ana ake aamuna oopsa: Fenrir nkhandwe wamkulu ndi Jörmungandr chinjoka cha m'nyanja. Zolengedwa izi zikuwopseza kuwononga dziko lonse lapansi ngati siziimitsidwa munthawi yake.
Milunguyo imaganiza zokumana ku Asgard kuti akambirane momwe angasinthire Loki ndi ana ake owopsa nthawi isanathe. Pamene akukambilana za njira zogonjetsera adani awo, Thor akuyamba kufunafuna nyundo ya Mjolnir kuti awathandize polimbana ndi mphamvu zoyipa. Tsoka ilo, Thor sangamupeze munthawi yake ndipo milungu imakakamizika kukumana ndi gulu lankhondo loyipa popanda iye. Pomaliza pambuyo pa nkhondo yaitali epic pakati pa milungu ndi mphamvu zoipa; Odin (atate wa milungu yonse) amapereka moyo wake nsembe kuti apulumutse dziko lapansi ku Ragnarok ndipo potero kusunga kukhalapo kwenikweni kwa Nordic cosmos.
Ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi ikukhudzana ndi zochitika za apocalyptic zomwe zimathetsa dziko lapansi monga momwe milungu ya Norse ikudziwira; pali maphunziro ambiri abwino amene tingatengemo: Kulimba mtima poyang’anizana ndi ngozi; Nsembe ya iwo okondedwa; Kufunika koima nji pokumana ndi mavuto; Ndipo kufunikira kofunikira kukumbatira tsogolo lathu ngakhale zitavuta bwanji kuthana nalo.
Anthu otchulidwa kwambiri
Twilight of the Gods ndi imodzi mwa nthano zazikulu za nthano za Norse. Nkhaniyi ikunena za kugwa kwa ufumu wa milungu ndi kutha kwa dziko lodziwika. Chiwembucho chikuchitika m’magawo atatu: chiyambi, chapakati, ndi chomaliza.
Mu gawo loyamba, likufotokozedwa momwe milungu idasankha kulenga dziko kuti likhalemo. Milungu imasankha Ymir kukhala wokhalamo woyamba, yemwe ndi chimphona chopangidwa ndi iwo okha kuchokera ku ayezi ndi matalala. Dziko limene amalenga limapangidwa ndi Niflheim, malo a mithunzi; Muspelheim, ufumu wa moto; Midgard, ufumu wa anthu; Asgard, kwawo kwa milungu; ndi Jotunheim, nyumba ya zimphona.
Mu gawo lachiwiri likufotokozedwa momwe Odin amatsogolera abale ake Vili ndi Ve kuti agonjetse chimphona cha Ymir ndipo potero amapeza zopangira zokwanira kuti apange Midgard. Akamaliza ntchito yawo, Odin amamanga holo yayikulu yotchedwa Valhalla komwe amalandila ankhondo omwe amafera kunkhondo mwaulemu. Amamanganso Asgard ngati malo okhalamo iye ndi abale ake komanso milungu ina yofunika monga Thor kapena Freya pakati pa ena.
Mu gawo lachitatu, likukhudzana ndi momwe Loki amachitira chiwembu motsutsana ndi milungu ina, motero kuchititsa kugwa kwake pang'onopang'ono mpaka kukafika ku Ragnarök (Tsiku la Milungu). Panthawiyi maufumu onse akuwonongedwa ndi moto pamene anthu ambiri ofunika amafa pankhondo kuphatikizapo Odin mwiniwake amene amadyedwa ndi Fenrir (mmbulu waukulu). Pamapeto pake, opulumuka awiri okha ndi omwe atsala: Baldur (mwana wamwamuna wokondedwa wa Odin) ndi Hoenir (mnzake wakale). Awiriwa akuyamba ulendo womanganso zonse zomwe zinawonongedwa pa Ragnarök, motero akuyamba dziko latsopano.
milungu yolowerera
Twilight of the Gods ndi imodzi mwamitu yofunika kwambiri komanso yofunika kwambiri mu nthano za Norse. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za kutha kwa dziko lapansi komwe kumadziwika kwa milungu ndi anthu, komanso kuwonongedwa kwa dongosolo la cosmic.
Nkhaniyi imayamba ndi mulungu Odin, tate wa milungu yonse ya Norse, yemwe amasankha kupereka diso lake nsembe kuti apeze nzeru. Pambuyo pake, iye ndi abale ake Vili ndi Ve adalenga dziko lapansi kuchokera kukufa kwa Ymir, chimphona choyambirira. Cholengedwachi chimaphatikizapo Midgard (dziko la anthu), Asgard (nyumba ya milungu), ndi Jotunheim (nyumba ya zimphona).
Milungu imakhala mwamtendere kwa mibadwo yambiri mpaka Ragnarok atafika, ulosi womwe umaneneratu kuwonongedwa kwa dziko lapansi. Zimayamba ndi Fimbulwinter, nyengo yozizira kwambiri komanso yozizira kwambiri yomwe imatha zaka zitatu popanda kuyima. Pa nthawi imeneyi nkhondo zinayambika pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu ndi pakati pawo; palinso nkhondo pakati pa milungu ndi adani awo: Zimphona za Jotunheim. Pomaliza nthawi yoyipa imabwera pamene aliyense asonkhana pabwalo lankhondo lotchedwa Vigrid kuti amenyane komaliza.
Pankhondo yomalizayi anthu ambiri ofunikira amamwalira: Odin amadyedwa ndi Fenrir; Thor amaphedwa pomenyedwa ndi Jormungand; Freyr akugwa ku Surt; Heimdall akuphedwa ndi Loki; Hel amafera m'manja mwa Odin; Surt amawotcha Asgard kukhala phulusa; Ndipo Fenrir amameza dzuwa pamodzi ndi mwezi kuchititsa kadamsana wathunthu ku Midgard.
Nkhondoyo itatha opulumuka awiri okha: Baldr (mwana wamwamuna wokondedwa wa Odin) ndi Höðr (mchimwene wake wopeza). Amamanganso Asgard pamodzi ndi opulumuka ena poyambitsa dongosolo latsopano la cosmic lotchedwa "Alfheim". Twilight of the Gods imayimira osati kutha kwa dziko lakale komanso kukonzanso kosalekeza kofunikira kuti mukhalebe ndi moyo mumtsinje waukuluwu wotchedwa moyo.
Mitu yayikulu yophimbidwa
Twilight of the Gods ndi imodzi mwamitu yofunika kwambiri komanso yofunika kwambiri mu nthano za Norse. Ndi tsoka lalikulu lomwe limafotokoza za kutha kwa dziko lapansi ndi mapeto a milungu, komanso kulengedwa kwa dziko latsopano. Nkhaniyi ikupezeka mu ndakatulo Edda, buku lakale lolembedwa ndi Snorri Sturluson, lomwe lili ndi nkhani zambiri za nthano za Norse.
Munkhaniyi, milungu ikukonzekera nkhondo yawo yomaliza yolimbana ndi zimphona zachisokonezo. Nkhondoyi imadziwika kuti Ragnarök kapena "mapeto a tsogolo". Pankhondo imeneyi, milungu yonse idzafa ndipo dziko lidzawonongedwa ndi moto ndi madzi. Pambuyo pa tsokali, dziko lapansi lidzamangidwanso kuchokera ku phulusa ndipo dongosolo latsopano lidzatuluka momwe anthu awiri opulumuka adzakhalamo: Lif (moyo) ndi Lifthrasir (chikondi).
Nkhaniyi ndiyofunika kwambiri kwa chikhalidwe cha Nordic chifukwa imayimira lingaliro la kuzungulira kwamuyaya: zonse zabwino ndi zoyipa zimakhala ndi zozungulira zawo mwadongosolo laumulungu. Twilight of the Gods imaimira osati mapeto a dziko lakale komanso chiyambi cha chinthu chabwino; zinasintha pang'ono ndi zokumana nazo zonse zomwe zidachitika m'nthawi yovutayi. Lingaliro ili lalimbikitsa ojambula ambiri m'mbiri yonse ndi zolemba zawo, zojambulajambula, komanso nyimbo.
