Phwando la Milungu ndi chojambula cha ku Italy cha Renaissance chopangidwa ndi wojambula wa Florentine Sandro Botticelli pakati pa 1482 ndi 1483. Ili mu Uffizi Gallery ku Florence, Italy. Amapaka mafuta pansalu ndipo amayesa pafupifupi mamita 5 ndi 3 mamita. Ntchitoyi ikuyimira gawo la ndakatulo ya Epic The Odyssey, yolembedwa ndi Homer m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu BC. C., lomwe limafotokoza za phwando loperekedwa ndi milungu yosakhoza kufa yokondwerera kupambana kwa Achilles pa Troy.
Mu ntchitoyi, milungu imatha kuwoneka itasonkhana paphwando lalikulu pa Olympus, atakhala pamipando yachifumu yagolide ndipo atazunguliridwa ndi mizati yokongoletsedwa ndi zipilala. Otchulidwa kwambiri ndi Zeus (tate wa milungu yonse), Hera (mkazi wa Zeu), Poseidon (mulungu wa nyanja), ndi Aphrodite (mulungu wamkazi wa chikondi). Kumbuyo kumapangidwa ndi malo achilengedwe monga mapiri, mitsinje ndi nkhalango zomwe zimazungulira Olympus. Chojambulacho chilinso ndi nthano zosiyanasiyana monga centaurs, mermaids, ngakhale kavalo wamapiko Pegasus akuwuluka pamwamba pa mitambo.
Phwando la Milungu limawonedwa ngati chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha luso la ku Italy la Renaissance lodziwika ndi zenizeni zake, mitundu yowoneka bwino, komanso kapangidwe kake. Lili ndi zizindikiro zachipembedzo ndi mbiri yakale zomwe zimasonyeza chikhalidwe chachi Greek chakale komanso zikhulupiriro zamakono zachikhristu za ku Ulaya. Ntchitoyi yakhala chizindikiro cha Florence kwa zaka mazana ambiri chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kwapadera komanso kosatha komwe kwalimbikitsa mibadwo yotsatira mpaka lero.
Chidule
Phwando la Milungu ndi mwambo wa Norse umene unayambira nthawi zakale. Chikondwererochi chinkachitika pofuna kulemekeza milungu ndi kupempha kuti Mulungu awadalitse. Paphwandoli panali phwando limene milungu yonse, kuphatikizapo anthu ena oitanidwa, inabweramo. Pamadyererowo, alendowo ankasangalala ndi chakudya ndi zakumwa, nyimbo ndi magule, komanso kukamba nkhani komanso kupatsana mphatso.
Pa Phwando la Milungu, miyambo yopatulika inali kuchitidwanso kulemekeza milungu ndi kupempha madalitso awo. Mwambo umenewu unaphatikizapo nsembe zachakudya ndi zakumwa, nsembe za nyama kapena za anthu, mapemphero, ndi mapembedzero amatsenga. Nthawi zina masewera kapena mpikisano unkachitikanso pakati pa opezekapo kuti awone yemwe anali wopambana pamaphunziro aliwonse.
Phwando la Milungu chinali chochitika chofunikira kwa chikhalidwe cha Norse chifukwa chimayimira mgwirizano pakati pa maiko aumulungu ndi anthu. Milunguyo inkalemekezedwa chifukwa cha mphamvu ndi nzeru, pamene anthu ankalandira madalitso kuti achite bwino pa moyo wawo wapadziko lapansi. Kuwonjezera pa kufunika kwauzimu kwa chochitikacho, unalinso mwayi wokumana ndi achibale ndi abwenzi akutali ndikukambirana za zomwe zikuchitika m'madera ena a dziko la Nordic.
Anthu otchulidwa kwambiri
Phwando la Milungu ndi imodzi mwa nthano zodziwika bwino mu nthano za Norse. Nkhaniyi ikunena za kubwera kwa mulungu Odin ndi anzake ku nyumba ya Baugi chimphona, pofunafuna phwando la milungu.
Baugi anali mng'ono wake wa chimphona cha Suttung, yemwe adaba mead yopatulika yomwe inali ndi chidziwitso ndi nzeru zonse padziko lapansi. Odin adadziwa izi ndipo adaganiza zopita kukatenga kwa milungu. Atafika kunyumba kwa Baugi, iye anawapatsa phwando ngati mphoto chifukwa cha thandizo lawo potenganso nsembe yopatulikayo.
Milunguyo inakhala mozungulira gomelo n’kuyamba kudya ndi kumwa mpaka panalibe chilichonse patebulopo. Zakudya zoperekedwazo zinaphatikizapo nyama yowotcha, buledi, zipatso zatsopano, vinyo wotsekemera, ndi mowa wamphamvu. Atadya kukhuta, milunguyo inakhuta kwambiri kotero kuti inaganiza zokhala kumeneko kwa masiku atatu kuti ikondwerere kupambana kwawo mukutenganso mead wopatulika kwa milunguyo. Panthawiyi ankaimba nyimbo zakale zotamanda Odin chifukwa cha ntchito yake komanso kuwotcha bwino kwake ndi zikho zodzaza ndi vinyo kapena mowa wamphamvu. Pamapeto pa masiku atatu awa adabwerera mwachigonjetso ku Asgard ndi mead wopatulika ali m'manja mwawo.
Phwando la Milungu ndi nkhani yofunikira mu nthano za Norse monga imatiwonetsa momwe Odin anatha kukwaniritsa zosayembekezereka: kuba mead yopatulika yamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku chimphona chachikulu cha Suttung popanda kupezedwa kapena kutaya panjira yopita ku Asgard. Nkhaniyi imatiwonetsanso momwe kunaliri kofunika kuti anthu akale a ku Norsemen azikondwerera zomwe adachita ndi maphwando akuluakulu odzaza ndi chakudya chokoma, zakumwa zabwino komanso nyimbo zakale zoimbidwa pakati pa abwenzi kuti azilemekeza omwe adapanga izi.
milungu yolowerera
Phwando la Milungu ndi chimodzi mwa zikondwerero zazikulu mu nthano za Norse. Ichi ndi chikondwerero chapachaka chimene milungu imasonkhana kuti igawane chakudya ndi zakumwa, komanso kufotokoza nkhani ndi kuimba nyimbo. Phwandoli limakondwerera mu holo ya Valhalla, malo omwe ngwazi zidagwa pankhondo zimatengedwa ndi a Valkyries.
Milungu yayikulu yomwe ikuchita nawo Phwandoli ndi Odin, Thor, Freya ndi Heimdall. Palinso milungu ina yaing'ono yomwe ilipo monga Loki, Bragi ndi Idun. Pa chikondwererochi, aliyense wa iwo amagawana zomwe adachita ndi alendo ena pomwe akusangalala ndi chakudya ndi zakumwa zomwe Freyja ndi Heimdall amapereka. Alendo amasangalalanso ndi zosangalatsa zoperekedwa ndi Bragi, yemwe amaimba zeze wake wamatsenga komanso kuimba nyimbo zamakedzana za zochitika za milungu ya Norse.
Kuphatikiza pa zosangalatsa zanyimbo zoperekedwa ndi Bragi paphwando, palinso masewera osangalatsa omwe aliyense angasangalale nawo limodzi. Izi zikuphatikiza masewera ngati kuponya nyundo (Thor), mitundu (Odin), komanso mipikisano yandakatulo (Bragi). Kumapeto kwa phwando, aliyense anatsazikana ndi toast yosangalatsa asanabwerere kunyumba zawo kukonzekera chikondwerero china chachikulu chaka chotsatira.
Mitu yayikulu yophimbidwa
Phwando la Milungu ndi chikondwerero chakale komanso chongopeka chomwe chinayambira ku nthano za Norse. Ndi phwando lopatulika limene milungu imasonkhana pamodzi kuti igawane chakudya, zakumwa ndi zosangalatsa. Phwandoli linafotokozedwa koyamba mu Ndakatulo ya Edda, mndandanda wa ndakatulo za ku Scandinavia zolembedwa pakati pa zaka za m'ma XNUMX ndi XNUMX.
Malinga ndi nthano, Phwando la Milungu linachitika ku Asgard, mzinda wakumwamba kumene milungu ya Norse inkakhala. Alendowo anaphatikizapo milungu yonse yayikulu ya anthu a ku Norse: Odin, Thor, Freya ndi Loki pakati pa ena. Phwandoli linakonzedwa ndi Freyja, mulungu wamkazi wa chikondi ndi chonde. Paphwandoli, anthu ankapereka zakudya zabwino monga nyama yowotcha ya nguluwe yokhala ndi zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera kukhala zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zokometsera zamkate wophikidwa kumene ndi ufa wosalala. Chakumwa chomwe ankachikonda kwambiri chinali mead (osakaniza madzi ndi uchi wothira).
Kuwonjezera pa chakudya chokoma, panalinso zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa zoti muzisangalala nazo paphwandoli. Milungu inkasewera masewera ngati madayisi kapena makadi; anaimba nyimbo; anavina mozungulira moto; Amatha kunena nthano komanso kuchita zovuta zakuthupi monga kulimbana kapena kuthamanga. Zochitazi zinathandiza kuti mzimu wampikisano ukhalebe wamoyo pakati pawo komanso kuwalola kuti apumule pambuyo pogwira ntchito tsiku lalitali kuti asungitse bata ku Asgard.
Phwando la Milungu ndi chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri cha chikhalidwe cha anthu a ku Norse monga momwe chimayimira lingaliro lalikulu kumbuyo kwa lingaliro la Viking: kugawana chakudya chabwino ndi abwenzi abwino pamene tikukondwerera moyo pamodzi. Mwambo umenewu ukulemekezedwabe masiku ano pa zikondwerero zamakono monga maukwati kapena maphwando a banja kumene mbale zamwambo zimaperekedwa pamodzi ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa kukumbukira mwambo wakale wachikunja umenewu.
