Nyika yenhamba yeHumambo hweEgypt inonakidza. Nhasi tinogona kuverenga nekunyora nhamba sezvavakaita. Iwe unoda here kudzidza kuzvinyora futi? Ramba uchiverenga uye iwe unotora kiyi dzese.
Chinhu chekutanga chatinofanira kuita mutsauko pakati pekumiririrwa kwenhamba muma hieroglyphs kune rumwe rutivi, ayo aishandiswa kunyora kwavo mumatombo uye zviri izvo zvatiri kuzodzidza kunyora, uye kune rimwe divi mumiriri mune hieratic , iyo yaive yakasiyana zvakanyanya uye ndiyo yaishandiswa kunyora zuva nezuva papepa rakakurumbira.
Kunyangwe nanhasi munhu anogona kuwana rimwe gwaro rekare raitaridza ruzivo rwakakura rwemasvomhu, asi kushingairira kwake kudzidza kubva munzira yezvidzidzo kumathematics kwakakodzera kuyemurwa.
Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti vanyori vanosimudzira tsika yavo murondedzero yavo, vanyori vakuru vechiGiriki vakadoma maIjipita sevadzidzisi mune zvakawanda zvemasvomhu zvakadai sejometri kana masvomhu.
VaIjipita vakashandisa idzi nhamba kubva kuMiddle Kingdom yeEjipit, kunyangwe yaive isinganyanyo shandiswa pakunyora zuva nezuva papuriri. Kubva panguva ino hutongi hwaive hwatoshandiswa, chirongwa chekunyora chaibvumira vanyori kunyora pasi nekukurumidza zvakanyanya.
Nekudaro, kana zvasvika pakuveza mumatombo aya macryptograms akashandiswa.
Tinodzidza mutauro wehieroglyphics nekuda kwerwendo, rwakarairwa naNapoleon Bonaparte, muna 1799. Nzendo dzakadai dzakawana girabhuru hombe muRosetta, Egypt, iro England raizotora makore matatu gare gare uye iro nhasi raiswa muBritish Museum mu London.
Iro dombo rine zvinyorwa mumitauro mitatu yakasiyana: hieroglyphics, Egypt demotic, uye chiGiriki chekare; inozivikanwa seRosetta Stone.
Muna 1822, Jean François Champollion, akatanga kuchidudzira uye gore rakatevera Thomas Young akabatsirawo pabasa iri. Mumakore akatevera vamwe vanyori vazhinji vakabatana nechikonzero ichi, nekudaro vachidudzira mutauro we hieroglyphics kune vanhu vese.
Zvirokwazvo, chakakosha pamasvomhu anga ari Henrich Brugsch, kubvira muna 1849 akaburitsa "Numerorum apud Veteres Aegyptios", chibvumirano chekutanga kudzidza masvomhu eEgypt mune Contemporary Nhoroondo ".
Maitiro Ekuverenga Ejipita manhamba: Zviratidzo uye Kukosha
Aya mahieroglyphic zviratidzo akashandiswa kumiririra masimba akasiyana gumi:
- Tsvimbo. Inomiririra zvikamu:
- Asa. Mirira makumi:
- Tambo yakazvimoneredza. Mirira mazana:
- Lotus ruva. Inomiririra zvikamu zvechuru.
- Chidimbu. Inomiririra makumi ezviuru:
- Datya (kana tadpole). Inomiririra mazana ezviuru: ()
- Heh (mwari wekusaguma nekusingaperi). Inomiririra miriyoni imwe kana kusingaperi:
Kuti tinzwisise, takagadzirira mufananidzo ine rondedzero yenhamba dzevaIjipita kubva pa1 kusvika kuzana, uye zvakatonyanya:
Saka kana iyo nhamba yekumiririra iri 1.322, isu taizonyora
Kana isu tinogona zvakare kunyora:sezvo inogona kunyorwa mune chero hurongwa.
Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti iyo 0 yaisavapo (kusvikira madzinza eXIII, kuMiddle Egypt) uyezve chiratidzo chechimiro "nfr" chakatanga kushandiswa papapyrus uye mumufananidzo we hieroglyphic. Kunyangwe izvi zvakauya kureva nzvimbo isina chinhu iripo pamberi pe1 (uye kuti gare gare yaizove muganho pakati penhamba dzakanaka nedzisina). Asi zvaive zvisingatariswe sekuzadza manhamba sezvatinoishandisa muchinyorwa chedu cheArabic, sezvo hurongwa hwekunyora uhwu hwaizouya gare gare.
Mitemo yekushandura manhamba eIjipita kuenda kuArabic (nhamba dzedu)
Tinogona kuverenga nekushandura iwo manhamba echihieroglyphs mumatare edu echiArab nekungochinja fomula iri pamusoro. Kana isu tichiona nhamba yakanyorwa padombo kubva kuEkare Egypt, semuenzanisotinogona kufunga kuti i45.003.
- Inogona kunyorwa zvese kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi uye zvinopesana, uye zvichidzika (kumusoro kusvika pasi) futi.
- Shandisa zviratidzo zvakawanda sezvaunoda (kubva pa1 kusvika pa9) kumiririra iyo nhamba yaunoda.
- Varongedzere muzvidimbu uko akawanda ezviratidzo zvakafanana anodzokororwa: .
- Kana iwe uri munyori weEjipitori unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekushandisa izvi chete kana uchinyora mumatombo, kunyora mapapiriri kushandisa zvirinani zviratidzo zvehieratic zveanodzvinyirira eEjipitori.
- Nhamba dzevaIjipita dzinogona kumiririrwa nenhamba kana futi
- Kuumba zvisungo: kune vekutanga vaive nechiratidzo chakasarudzika: . Kubva wechipiri kusvika wepfumbamwe iwe unongofanirwa kuwedzera jug kune iyo nhamba, semuenzaniso:. Uye kubva pagumi zvichienda mberi ivo vanoumbwa nekuwedzera imwe inonzi "zadza" uye ine fomu iri:
Masvomhu eEjipitori
VaIjipita vaitoziva masvomhu kune imwe nhanho, tichifunga kuti isu hatina humbowo kudzamara Middle Egypt kuti vaiziva nhamba 0. Chinyorwa chekare chevaIjipita chatinoziva kuratidza mashandisirwo eIjipiti masvomhu ndiMoscow Papyrus, iyo yakatanga kubva panguva iyoyo kusvika kumakore 2000-1800 BC
Asi rangarira kuti kune izvi ivo vaishandisa mamwe mavara kupfuura iwo anoshandiswa mune hieroglyphics iyo yatakaona pamusoro. VaIjipita mumagwaro avo vakanyora (kwete chete manhamba asi vamwe vese mavara) mumutauro wavo, Egypt demotic, iyo yakanyorwa mune hieratic.
Nesisitimu iyi vaIjipita vakanyora nekukurumidza, sezvo vaida mavara mashoma mashoma anomiririra iyo nhamba imwechete.
Zvichida kubva pakutanga, asi isu tinoziva chaizvo kuti kutanga kwa1650 BC vaiziva nezvekuwedzera nekubvisa, kuwanda uye kupatsanura, masvomhu uye geometry akateedzana, zvikamu zvidiki, mukomboni uye nhamba huru, arithmetic, geometric uye harmonic nzira, uye sei kugadzirisa yekutanga-odha mitsara equations. Uye zvakare izvo kubva ku1300 a. C. inogona kugadzirisa yechipiri kurongeka algebraic equations (quadratic).
Zvinoshamisa izvo? Chimbofunga nezvemapiramidhi makuru: Waizviziva here kuti iwo anozivikanwa nekururama kwawo kwemasvomhu? Ndihwo humwe humbowo hwehunyanzvi hwesvomhu yeEjipitori yakashandiswa, mune iyi kesi, pakuvaka.
Nezvezvikamu zviri muma hieroglyphs tinoziva , chimiro chiri muchimiro chemuromo wakashama. Sekunge kufunga nhamba "inozvidya" pachayo madimikira.
Inomiririra mumwe mutambo nenhamba yawakaisa padivi payo. Pamusoro pekumiririra zvikamu zveyuniti, ndiko kuti, chidimbu chimwe pakati pechero nhamba, vaivewo nezvikamu zviviri muzvitatu (2/3) uye zvitatu muzvina (3/4).
Kuwedzera izvi zvikamu zvidimbu kune mashoma tsoka mukunyora tine mamiriro maviri anogona: tsoka "famba" munzira yekunyora kana tsoka dzinopesana nazvo. Kana ivo vachienda kudivi iko kuri kuratidzwa, ivo vanoreva kuwedzera. Kana, kune rumwe rutivi, tsoka dzichifamba nenzira yakatarisana, zvinoreva kubvisa.