I-Master German: Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo seZenzo ezibalulekileyo zesiJamani kunye nendlela yokudibanisa

I-Master German: Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo seZenzo ezibalulekileyo zesiJamani kunye nendlela yokudibanisaIsikhokelo esipheleleyo sokufunda kakuhle isiJamani esiza kusibona ngezantsi siza kugxila komnye wemiba ebalulekileyo yolwimi: izenzi kunye nokudibanisa kwazo. Ukufunda ukudibanisa izenzi kwisiJamani kubalulekile ukuze ukwazi ukunxibelelana ngokukhululekileyo nangokutyibilikayo kolu lwimi. Kungenxa yoko le nto sibonisa esi sikhokelo senzelwe bobabini abaqalayo kunye nabo sele benolwazi olusisiseko, kwaye bafuna ukuphonononga isifundo.

1. Izenzi eziqhelekileyo nezingaqhelekanga

Kukho iindidi ezimbini zezenzi kwisiJamani: eziqhelekileyo kunye nezingaqhelekanga. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi zibini ngundoqo ekuqondeni indlela izenzi ezidityaniswa ngayo kolu lwimi.

Izenzi eziqhelekileyo zezo zilandela ulwakhiwo kunye nemithetho ethile ngexesha lokudibanisa. Kwelinye icala, i isenzi zaqho Zizo ezo zine-conjugation eyodwa okanye ekhethekileyo kwaye aziyilandeli imithetho efanayo njengezenzi eziqhelekileyo. Kuthatha umgudu othe kratya ukunkqaya ezi ndibano zikhethekileyo.

2. Isibizo-siphelo kunye nengcambu yesenzi

Ngaphambi kokuba singene kwi-conjugation yesenzi, kubalulekile ukujongana neengcamango ezimbini ezisisiseko kwigrama yesiJamani: i-infinitive kunye ne-stem stem. I-infinitive yindlela esisiseko yesenzi, ngelixa ingcambu yesenzi iyinxalenye ehlala ingatshintshi xa kudityaniswa.

Ukwazi ingcambu yesenzi, kufuneka sisuse isiphelo "-en" kwi-infinitive. Umzekelo, ingcambu yesenzi "spielen" (ukudlala) iya kuba "spiel-".

3. Ukudityaniswa kwezenzi eziqhelekileyo kweli xesha langoku

Ukudibanisa izenzi eziqhelekileyo kwisiJamani kwixesha langoku kulula kakhulu. Kuphela kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo ingcambu yesenzi kwaye wongeze ezi ziphelo zilandelayo ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo:

  • Ich(I)-e
  • du(wena)-st
  • Er, sie, es (yena, yena, yona) -t
  • Wir (thina)-ngaphakathi
  • Ihr (wena) -t
  • Sie, sie (wena, bona) -ngaphakathi

4. Ukudibanisa izenzi ezingaqhelekanga ngoku

Kwimeko yezenzi ezingaqhelekanga, umahluko omkhulu kunye nesiqhelo kukuba ingcambu yesenzi inokutshintsha xa idibanisa. Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko yesenzi "sehen" (ukubona), isiqu siyatshintsha ukusuka ku "seh-" ukuya ku "sieh-" kumntu wesibini nowesithathu kwisinye:

  • Ndiyabona (ndiyabona)
  • Du siehst (uyabona)
  • Ewe, sie, es sieht (yena, yena, iyabona)

5. Ixesha elidlulileyo

Ixesha elidityanisiweyo lelinye ixesha lesenzi elifunekayo ukuze ukwazi ukuthetha kakuhle kwisiJamani ukuze ubonise izenzo ezenzeka kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ukudibanisa isenzi kwikhompawundi yexesha elidlulileyo, sebenzisa isenzi esincedisayo "haben" (ukuba) okanye "sein" (ukuba) sidityaniswe ngoku, silandelwa linyathelo elidlulileyo lesenzi esiyintloko.

Amanani aseJamani:

  • 1: eins (enye)
  • 2: zwei (zimbini)
  • 3: drei (drey)
  • 4: fri (fi:r)
  • 5: funf (funf)
  • 6: imizuzwana (imizuzwana)
  • 7: isixhenxe
  • 8: acht (ajt)
  • 9: neun (hayi)
  • 10: zehn (tsen)

landela oku isikhokelo esipheleleyo kwizenzi zesiJamani Kuya kunceda ukuba nesiseko esiluqilima kwisihlanganisi nokusetyenziswa kwezenzi kolu lwimi. Ngokuzinikezela, ukuziqhelanisa kunye nomonde, uya kukwazi kakuhle eli candelo lisisiseko lesiJamani kwaye uya kuba nakho ukunxibelelana ngokutyibilikayo nangokutyibilikayo.

Shiya amazwana