I-Twilight of the Gods yifilimu yaseJamani ka-1950 ekhokelwa ngumlawuli waseJamani, uFW Murnau. Isekelwe kwinoveli engaziwa ebhalwe nguThomas Mann kwaye yidrama yengqondo ephonononga ungquzulwano lwangaphakathi phakathi komnqweno womntu kunye nokuziphatha okwamkelekileyo eluntwini. Ifilimu ilandela uHans (Mathias Wieman), i-aristocrat eselula ethandana noLola (uLilian Harvey), umdanisi we-cabaret, kwaye ulwa nosapho lwakhe ukuze atshate naye. Njengoko ibali liqhubeka, sibona indlela abalinganiswa abaphambili abalwa ngayo needemon zabo zangaphakathi njengoko bezama ukufumana indlela yabo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. I-Twilight of the Gods ithathwa njengeyona nto yakudala ye-cinema yaseJamani kwaye yatyunjelwa i-Oscar ye-Best Adapted Screenplay ngo-1951. yobuThixo.
Isishwankathelo
I-Twilight of the Gods lelinye lawona mabali adumileyo kwiintsomi zamaNorse. Eli bali lisixelela ngesiphelo sehlabathi njengoko oothixo namagorha besazi, kunye nendlela bonke abalungiselela ngayo ikamva elingenakuphepheka elibalindileyo.
Ibali liqala ngesiprofeto somboni ogama linguVöluspá, oxela kwangaphambili ukuba iRagnarok, okanye iSiphelo seHlabathi, sisondele. Esi siprofeto sizaliseka xa oothixo befumana iindaba zokuba olona tshaba lwabo loyikekayo, isigebenga esinguLoki, lusindile entolongweni yaso. ULoki uza noonyana bakhe aboyikekayo: uFenrir ingcuka enkulu kunye noJörmungandr inamba yolwandle. Ezi zidalwa zisongela ukutshabalalisa ihlabathi lonke ukuba azinqunywanga ngexesha.
Oothixo ke bagqiba kwelokuba badibane e-Asgard ukuze baxoxe ngendlela yokumisa uLoki kunye nabantwana bakhe aboyikekayo ngaphambi kokuba kube kudala. Njengoko bexoxa ngezicwangciso zabo zokoyisa iintshaba zabo, uThor uqalisa ukukhangela isando uMjolnir ukubanceda kumlo wabo nxamnye nemikhosi engendawo. Ngelishwa, uThor akakwazi ukumfumana ngexesha kwaye oothixo banyanzelekile ukuba bajongane nomkhosi ongendawo ngaphandle kwakhe. Ekugqibeleni emva kwedabi elide le-epic phakathi koothixo kunye nemikhosi yobubi; U-Odin (uyise wabo bonke oothixo) uncama ubomi bakhe ukuze asindise ihlabathi eRagnarok kwaye ngaloo ndlela alondoloze ubukho bendawo yeNordic.
Nangona eli bali limalunga nesiganeko se-apocalyptic esiphelisa ihlabathi njengoko oothixo baseNorse besazi; zininzi izinto ezintle esinokuzifunda kuyo: Inkalipho xa sijamelene nengozi; Umbingelelo kwabathandwayo; Ukubaluleka kokuma uqinile xa ujongene nobunzima; Kwaye imfuneko eyimfuneko yokwamkela ikamva lethu nokuba kunzima kangakanani na ukujongana nalo.
Obona balinganiswa
I-Twilight of the Gods yenye yamabali aphambili kwiintsomi zamaNorse. Eli bali lisixelela ngokuwa kobukumkani bezithixo kunye nesiphelo sehlabathi elaziwayo. Iploti ineenxalenye ezintathu: isiqalo, esiphakathi, nesiphelo.
Kwinxalenye yokuqala, kubaliswa indlela oothixo abagqiba ngayo ukudala ihlabathi ukuba bahlale kulo. Oothixo bakhetha uYmir njengommi wabo wokuqala, isigebenga esidalwe ngokwabo kumkhenkce nekhephu. Ihlabathi abalidalayo lenziwe nguNiflheim, ummandla wethunzi; Muspelheim, ubukumkani bomlilo; Midgard, ubukumkani babantu; IAsgard, ikhaya lezithixo; neJotunheim, ikhaya leengxilimbela.
Kwinxalenye yesibini kuchazwa indlela u-Odin abakhokela ngayo abazalwana bakhe uVili noVe ukuba boyise iYmir enkulu kwaye ngaloo ndlela bafumane izinto ezikrwada ezaneleyo zokudala uMidgard. Bakuba bewugqibile umsebenzi wabo, uOdin wakha iholo enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yiValhalla apho afumana khona loo magorha afela edabini ngembeko. Ukwazakhela i-Asgard njengendawo yokuhlala yena nabantakwenu kunye nabanye oothixo ababalulekileyo abanjengoThor okanye uFreya phakathi kwabanye.
Kwinxalenye yesithathu, inxulumene nendlela uLoki aceba ngayo abanye oothixo, ngaloo ndlela ebangela ukuwa kwakhe ngokuthe ngcembe ade afikelele eRagnarök (iTwilight of Gods). Ngethuba lesi siganeko zonke izikumkani zitshatyalaliswa ngomlilo ngelixa amanani amaninzi abalulekileyo efa edabini kuquka no-Odin ngokwakhe oqwengwa nguFenrir (ingcuka enkulu). Ekugqibeleni, kushiyeke ababini kuphela abasindileyo: uBaldur (unyana oyintandokazi ka-Odin) kunye noHoenir (iqabane elidala). Aba babini baqala uhambo lokuyakha kwakhona yonke into etshatyalalisiwe ngexesha leRagnarök, ngaloo ndlela beqala ilizwe elitsha.
oothixo abangenelelayo
I-Twilight of the Gods yenye yezona zihloko zibalulekileyo nezibalulekileyo kwiintsomi zamaNorse. Eli bali lichaza isiphelo sehlabathi njengoko kwaziwa koothixo nakubantu, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kocwangco lwendalo iphela.
Ibali liqala ngothixo u-Odin, uyise wabo bonke oothixo baseNorse, owenza isigqibo sokubingelela iliso lakhe ukuze azuze ubulumko. Emva koku, yena kunye nabazalwana bakhe uVili kunye noVe badala umhlaba ukusuka kumzimba ofileyo kaYmir, isigebenga sangaphambili. Le ndalo iquka uMidgard (ihlabathi labantu), uAsgard (ikhaya loothixo), kunye noJotunheim (ikhaya lezigebenga).
Oothixo bahlala ngoxolo kwizizukulwana ezininzi de kufike uRagnarok, isiprofeto esixela kwangaphambili ukutshatyalaliswa kwehlabathi. Iqala ngeFimbulwinter, ubusika obubanda ngokugqithisileyo nobunzulu obuhlala iminyaka emithathu ngaphandle kokuma. Ngeli xesha kwaqhambuka iimfazwe phakathi kwezizwe ngezizwe zabantu naphakathi kwazo; kukho amadabi phakathi koothixo neentshaba zabo: Iingxilimbela zaseJotunheim. Ekugqibeleni umzuzu omnandi uyeza xa wonke umntu ehlanganisana kwibala ledabi elibizwa ngokuba yiVigrid ukuze alwe okokugqibela.
Ngethuba lemfazwe yokugqibela abaninzi abalinganiswa ababalulekileyo bafa: U-Odin udliwa nguFenrir; UThor ubulawa ngokubethwa nguJormungand; UFreyr uwela eSurt; UHeimdall ubulawa nguLoki; UHel ufa kwizandla zikaOdin; I-Surt itshisa i-Asgard ibe luthuthu; Kwaye uFenrir uginya ilanga kunye nenyanga ebangela ukusithwa kwelanga yinyanga eMidgard.
Emva komlo kuphela ababini abasindileyo abaseleyo: uBaldr (unyana othandwayo ka-Odin) kunye noHöðr (umntakwabo). Bakha kwakhona i-Asgard kunye nabanye abasindileyo ngaloo ndlela beqala i-cosmic order entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi- "Alfheim". I-Twilight of the Gods ayifuzisi kuphela ukuphela kwehlabathi lakudala kodwa kunye nokuhlaziywa rhoqo okuyimfuneko ukuze uhlale uphila kulo mlambo unamandla obizwa ngokuba bubomi.
Imixholo ephambili igutyungelwe
I-Twilight of the Gods yenye yezona zihloko zibalulekileyo nezibalulekileyo kwiintsomi zamaNorse. Yintlekele enzulu echaza isiphelo sehlabathi kunye nesiphelo soothixo bokugqibela, kunye nokudalwa kwehlabathi elitsha. Eli bali lifumaneka kwiPoetic Edda, umbhalo-ngqangi wamandulo obhalwe nguSnorri Sturluson, oqulethe iingxelo ezininzi zeentsomi zamaNorse.
Kweli bali, oothixo balungiselela idabi labo lokugqibela ngokuchasene nezigebenga zesiphithiphithi. Eli dabi laziwa ngokuba yiRagnarök okanye "isiphelo sesiphelo". Ebudeni beli dabi, bonke oothixo baya kufa lize ihlabathi litshatyalaliswe ngomlilo nangamanzi. Emva kwale ntlekele, ihlabathi liya kuphinda lakhiwe eluthuthwini kwaye kuya kuvela umyalelo omtsha apho abantu ababini abasindileyo baya kuhlala: Ubomi (ubomi) kunye noLifthrasir (uthando).
Eli bali libaluleke kakhulu kwinkcubeko yeNordic njengoko libonisa umbono wemijikelo engunaphakade: zombini izinto ezilungileyo nezimbi zinemijikelo yazo yendalo ngaphakathi komyalelo wobuthixo. ITwilight of the Gods ayimeli kuphela isiphelo sehlabathi lamandulo kodwa ikwabonisa isiqalo sento elunge ngakumbi; ngandlel’ ithile aphuculwe ngawo onke amava awayephila ebudeni beli xesha leziphithiphithi. Lo mbono ukhuthaze amagcisa amaninzi kwimbali yonke ngomsebenzi wawo woncwadi, ubugcisa kunye nomculo.
