Uma kunokuthile okunzima ukukufunda ngezilimi futhi okuzondwa kakhulu ngabafundi, kuba njalo conjugate tento ngesiFulentshi. Ngenhlanhla, ngolimi lwendabuko lwaseFrance, imigomo eyisisekelo yokuhlanganiswa iyafana naleyo esiyisebenzisa ngeSpanish, ngalokhu sisho ukuthi izenzo ziguqulwa ngokuya ngesihloko esizenzayo nesikhathi (esedlule, samanje noma esizayo) ku okwenzekayo.
Ulimi lwesiFulentshi lunezikhathi zesenzo eziyi-16 ngokuphelele futhi kulezi, ezi-5 yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi eziqukethe izimo eziningi. Namuhla sizokunikeza izindlela / izinyathelo ezi-4 ukuze ukwazi ukuhlanganisa kalula izenzo zesi-French.
Ifomu No. 1: Ukuminyaniswa kokuhlanganiswa
Ukubumba izenzo
Khumbula ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kufana nokuthi "ukubumba" isenzo ngokuya ngezihloko okhuluma ngazo, lokhu kwenzeka nangeSpanishi, njengesibonelo: singasho ukuthi "bayagxuma" kodwa kusobala ukuthi besingashintsha isenzo sithi "gxuma" uma umuntu noma kunalokho, isihloko esikwenzayo "nguwe". Uma siya eFrance, ukuhlangana kuyafana: isihloko ngasinye (thina, bona, wena) sinokuhlangana okuhlukile.
Khumbula izabizwana
Kubaluleke KAKHULU ukuhlanganisa izenzi zesiFulentshi lezo khumbula ukuthi iziphi izabizwana ezisetshenziswe kulolu limi, enesabizwana esingeziwe esiSpanishi.
- Mina = heh.
- Yena, yena, il, ille, ku.
- Wena = wena.
- Thina = Nous.
- Bona, Bona = ils, bona.
- Wena noma wena = vous.
Gcina engqondweni iziphetho ezehlukene ezisetshenziswa ezenzweni
Uma isenzo singenakho ukuhlangana okuhambisanayo, saziwa njenge- "infinitive". Olimini lwesiSpanish, izenzo ezahlukahlukene zomlomo kuma-infinitives ziphela ngo-ar, ir, no-er (ngokwesibonelo ukuhamba, ukugijima, njll.). Olimini lwesiFulentshi, ama-infinitives aqukethe izenzo ezinjenge-aller (ukuya) noma ukuphendula (ukuphendula). Okungapheli kwenza isisekelo sesenzo futhi yilokhu okushintshiwe lapho sikunikeza ukuhlangana okufisayo.
Khomba izenzo ezibizwa njalo (zintathu sezizonke)
Singahlukanisa tento letinyenti ngesiFulentshi tibe tinhlobo letintsatfu ngekuya kwesiphetho sesinciphiso lesifanana naso. Uhlobo ngalunye lubandakanya imithetho eminingana yokuhlangana futhi udinga ukuyazi ukuze uhlanganise izenzi zesiFulentshi.
-Izenzi eziphela ngo- “go”: zezenzi ezinjenge- “applaudir” (clap) ne- “finir” (qeda).
-Izenzi eziphela ngo- “re”: zifaka izenzo ezinjengokuthi “qonda” (lalela).
-Izenzi ezigcina ngo- “er”: ngezenzo ezinjenge- “manger” (ukudla) noma “parler” (ukukhuluma).
Funda izenzi ezingajwayelekile
Njengazo zonke izilimi, futhi isiFulentshi asisiwo okwehlukile, kunezenzi eziyeke ukusebenzisa imithetho efanayo yokuhlangana njengezinye, kulokhu okuhlukile, izikhathi eziningi zesenzo zihlukile, ngakho-ke ezenzweni ezingajwayelekile kuvame ukuseshwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa.
Sizokukhombisa uhlu lapho ungathola khona izenzi ezingajwayelekile ezisetshenziswa njalo.
- Iseva =:
- Ufuna = Vouloir
- Yenza = Faire
- Iya = Aller
- Yiba = Avoir
- Beka, indawo = Mettre
Ifomu N 2: Conjugate tento French in the past simple = passé composé
Sebenzisa okulula okwedlule ezenzweni ezigcine ukwedlula
Okudidiyelwe okuhlanganisiwe noma okulula okwedlule kusetshenziselwa izenzo lapho ukuqala nokuphela kwazo kusungulwe kahle, isibonelo “ngiphonse ipensela” noma “bagijime kakhulu”. Ezenzweni ezenzeka njalo esikhathini esedlule, njengesikhathi sesimo sezulu, kusetshenziswe esinye isikhathi sesenzo. Isikhathi esedlule esilula noma esidlulile yisikhathi esidlule esivame kakhulu olimini lwesiFulentshi.
Xhumanisa isenzo esithi “avoir” okwamanje
Ukuze uqale ukuhlanganisa izenzi zesiFulentshi kusuka esikhathini esedlule esilula, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi sakamuva sakha inkathi ehlanganisiwe, okungukuthi, yakhiwa izingxenye ezimbili. Ingxenye yokuqala yakhiwa kusukela ekuhlanganisweni kwesenzo ukuze ube ne- (avoir), esizogcwalisa umsebenzi ofanayo nesenzo esithi "to have" ngolimi lweSpanishi, isibonelo "I ironed" noma "He has bind". Ake sikukhumbuze ngokuhlanganiswa kwesenzo esithi “avoir”:
- Unayo = i-Avoir = elles ont, tu as, j'ai, vous avez, il a, nous avons.
Thola iqhaza elidlule lezenzo
Uma sihlaziya umusho "ngigijimile", uzobona ukuthi "ukugijima" akufani nanoma ikuphi ukuhlanganiswa kwesenzo "run", lokhu futhi kwenzeka ngolimi lwesiFulentshi, ukubamba iqhaza kwezenzo esikhathini esedlule kunezindlela ziphela ngokuhlukile, futhi into enhle kakhulu ukuthi akunzima ukuzikhumbula:
- Izenzi eziphela ngo- “er”: “e” Isibonelo: montré
- Izenzi eziphela ngo- "go": "i" Isibonelo: réussi
- Izenzo ezigcina ngo- "re": "u" Isibonelo. Ngaqonda
Esidlule = Joyina izingxenye ezimbili
Okufanele ukwenze manje ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwesenzo esithi "avoir" nesihlanganyeli esedlule futhi ngenxa yalokho sizoba nesikhathi sesenzo esikhathini esedlule. Uma sikhuluma ngokufana, ukulingana kwesiSpanish esikubone kuphoyinti langaphambilini kuzoba ukuthi "ngigijimile" noma "Badubule", noma kungahunyushwa nangokuthi "Ngigijime" noma "Badubule ". Izibonelo:
- Umuntu wokuqala: "ai + isenzo" ngakhuluma = J'ai parlé
- Umuntu wesibili "as + verb" Uqedile = Wena fini
- Umuntu wesithathu "isenzo +" Wezwa = Il a compreu.
- Umuntu wokuqala ngobuningi "ama-avon + isenzo" Siphumelele = Nous avons réussi
- Umuntu wesibili ubuningi "avez + isenzo" Uzamile = Vele ubez essayé
- Umuntu wesithathu ubuningi "ont + verb" Baphendule = Elles ont repondu.
Izenzo ezisebenzisayo kube esikhundleni se-avoir
Cishe zonke izenzo zesiFulentshi zisebenzisa ifomula (i-avoir + iqhaza elidlule), noma kunjalo ukwenza ukuhlangana kwezinye zezenzo esikhathini esedlule kube lula kumele sisebenzise: njengezenzo zesikhathi esedlule (isibonelo: Ngiwile). Izenzo ezishiwo yilezi:
- phumula, yiba, phansi, woza, ubuye, ucabangele, hamba, umfula, ithuna, i-sortir, i-aller, i-naître, i-entrer, i-rentrer, i-retourner, isililo.
Lezi zenzo zaziwa njengezenzi ezingathandeki.
Sebenzisa i- «être» esikhundleni se- «avoir»
Kumele sikwenze lokhu ukuhlanganisa izenzi zesiFulentshi esizishilo esinyathelweni esedlule. Uma sesifunde ukuthi iziphi izenzo okufanele zixhunywe ne- «kube»(“ To be ”) kumele sibahlanganyele nakwisabelo esidlule ukubanikeza ukuhlangana kwabo esikhathini esedlule, imininingwane okufanele ikhunjulwe ukuthi iqhaza kumele lihambisane nomuntu owenza isenzo. Ezifundweni zobuningi kufakwa u- "s" kokubandakanyekayo futhi kubantu besifazane kufakwa igama elithi "e":
- Umuntu wokuqala (isenzo + sesenzo) Yo caí = (Esimweni esishiwo umuntu ungowesifazane) Ngiyathanda ukumbona
- Umuntu wesibili (es + isenzo) Uwile = Uyi-tombé
- Umuntu wesithathu (est + verb) Wawa = I est tombé
- Umuntu wokuqala ubuningi (sommes + isenzo) We fell = Amathuna ethu
- Umuntu wesibili ngobuningi (êtes + verb) You fell = Ungathola ama-tombés
- Umuntu wesithathu ubuningi (sont + verb) Bawa = U-Elles ungumbungazi ovelele
Ifomu No. 3: Ukuhlanganiswa kwesikhathi samanje
Okwamanje = Ukujwayela / Okwamanje
Kumele usebenzise okwamanje lapho isenzo sisetshenziswa ngendlela ejwayelekile noma yamanje. Ngenhlanhla ngesiFulentshi lesi sipho sisetshenziswe ngendlela efanayo neSpanish, lesi senzo sisetshenziselwe ukuhumusha imisho efana nokuthi "He fells the tree." Ezenzweni ezahlukahlukene, kunezigaba ezi-3 eziyisisekelo nezinye izenzo ezingajwayelekile (izenzo ezingasebenzisi imithetho ejwayelekile). Izigaba eziyisisekelo zezenzi yilezi:
- Izenzo ezigcina ngo- "go"
- Izenzi eziphela ngo- "re"
- Izenzi eziphela ku- "er"
Xhumanisa lezo ezigcina ngo- "er"
Kumele sihlanganise izenzi zesiFulentshi ezigcina ngo “er”, esikhundleni salokho kuphela kwesinye; isabizwana ngasinye (yena, thina, mina, njll.) sinesiphetho esihlukile okumele kuguqulwe ngaso “isiphetho”. Iziphetho yilezi: e, e, es, ons, ez, ent. Njengesibonelo sizosebenzisa isenzo esithi "parler" (ukukhuluma):
- Umuntu wokuqala "e" Ngiyakhuluma = Ngiyabona
- Umuntu wesibili "ngu" Uyakhuluma = Uyakhuluma
- Umuntu wesithathu "e" Uyakhuluma = Il parle
- Umuntu wokuqala ngobuningi "ons" Siyakhuluma = Izindlalifa zethu
- Umuntu wesibili ubuningi "ez" Uyakhuluma = You parlez
- Umuntu wesithathu ubuningi "ent" Bayakhuluma = Elles parlent
Conjugate tento French that end in "go"
Shintsha lezi zenzo ufake esinye isiphetho, lokhu kwenziwa ngokukuguqula ngokuvumelana nesabizwana soqobo:
Ukukhishwa, ukukhishwa, yikho. Sizosebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kwempama (“ukushaya ihlombe”) njengesibonelo salesi senzakalo:
- Umuntu wokuqala "ngu" Ngiyashayela ihlombe -> J'applaudis.
- Umuntu wesibili "ngu" Ushayela ihlombe -> Tu ihlombe
- Umuntu wesithathu "it" Ushaya izandla -> Ngishayela ihlombe
- Umuntu wokuqala "ngobuningi" sibashayela ihlombe ->Amahlombe kaNous
- Umuntu wesibili ubuningi "issez" Ushaya izandla -> Ungashayela ihlombe
- Umuntu wesithathu ngobuningi "okhipha" Bashaya izandla -> I-Ils ihlombe,
Xhumanisa tento letiphela ku-re
Kulokhu sizophinda sibuyekeze leso siphetho sifake esinye, kufanele sigcizelele ukuthi lezi yizenzo ezivamile njalo, kepha kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi ungazihlanganisa kanjani ngokufanayo. Ukuphela kokushintsha kuzoba: lutho, ama-ons, ez, ent, s no-s. Ukuhlanganiswa komuntu wesithathu, okungukuthi yena noma yena, akunakho ukuhlangana. Njengesibonelo sizothatha isenzo ukuphendula (répondre):
- Umuntu wokuqala ngiphendula -> Ngiphendula
- Umuntu wesibili "s" Uyaphendula -> Izimpendulo zakho
- Umuntu wesithathu "lutho" Uyaphendula -> Il kabusha
- Umuntu wokuqala ngobuningi "ons" Siyaphendula -> AbakwaNous repldons
- Umuntu wesibili ubuningi "ez" Uyaphendula -> Uyaphendula
- Umuntu wesithathu ubuningi "ent" Bayaphendula -> U-Elles kabusha
Study conjugate njalo izenzi ezingajwayelekile
Ungazi ukuthi izenzo ezingajwayelekile ziziningi impela, kodwa siyazisola ukukutshela ukuthi kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungazihlanganisa kanjani, ngezansi sizokunikeza izibonelo ezimbalwa, ezinye ongazifuna ngokubeka “isenzo + sokuhlanganisa ngesiFulentshi ”ku-Google.
- Yiba = avoir = Ama-avons akithi, J'ai, vous avez, il a, elles ont, tu as
- Ir = Aller = uyahamba, ngiyahamba, wena allez, elles vont, nous allons, je vais
Ifomu N 4: Ukuhlanganiswa kwezenzo esikhathini esedlule esingaphelele
Izenzi zenziwa isikhathi esithile
Kubalulekile ukwazi lokho ukungapheleli okwedlule kusetshenziselwa izenzo ezenzeka esikhathini esithile. NgesiSpanish lesi sihloko siyefana, inkathi esetshenzisiwe isetshenziselwa izenzo ezenzeke esikhathini esedlule kepha hhayi ngesikhathi esithile (Isb: "Ngadlala i-basketball ngineminyaka engu-15 ubudala" noma "Bacela i-pizza nsuku zonke", kulezi zibonelo ungahle ukhombe kwezinye zezikhathi lapho be-oda i-pizza noma bedlala i-basketball)
Lesi sikhathi sesenzo kufanele sisetshenziselwe ukwenza noma isenzo esivamile, ubudala, isikhathi sezulu, isimo sokuba, idatha yokugcwalisa noma imizwa ehlukile.
Isikhathi esilula esidlule sisetshenziselwa izimo ezenzeka endabeni (“Ngishanele umgwaqo”) futhi inkathi edlule engaphelele isetshenziselwa idatha yokugcwalisa (“ngangineminyaka engu-15 ubudala”, “Kwaba namafu”)
Thola umsuka wezenzo ngokucindezela i- "ons"
Lokhu kusebenza izenzi zesiFulentshi ezihlanganisiwe kumuntu wokuqala ngobuningi nangesikhathi samanjeUkuthola impande, kufanele ususe ama-ons "ophela", futhi kusebenza ngezenzo ezingajwayelekile. Uma ufuna ukuqala ukuhlanganisa izenzi zesiFulentshi esikhathini esedlule esingaphelele, susa i- "ons" ekuhlanganisweni komuntu nesikhathi esishiwo ekuqaleni. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa noma kubuswe ngolimi lweSpanishi, ngokwesibonelo impande yesenzo u-andar ngu "no" (ando, andas, andamos, anduviste). Izibonelo:
- Fiare = amaphutha = amafais
- I-Finir = i-finissons = i-finniss
- I-Avoir = avons = av
Kukhona eyodwa ngaphandle komthetho ukuthi siyasho futhi isenzo «Retre», ukuhlangana kwayo kumuntu wokuqala ubuningi akugcini ngo- “ons” («souses«). Umsuka walesi senzo yi- "ét".
Hlanganisa ukuphela kwesikhathi esingaphelele esidlule empandeni
Sizokwenza lokhu ukuthola ukuhlangana ngesiFulentshi, ngokungafani nokwenziwa kwepasé noma okulula okwedlule, okungaphelele okwedlule kwenziwa ngegama. Ngakho-ke okufanele sikwenze ukuhlanganisa ukuphela kwempande. Njengesibonelo sizohlanganisa isenzo ukunisela (ukubheka):
- Umuntu wokuqala (ais) ngibheke = Heh irrdais
- Umuntu wesibili (ais) Ubuké = Uzonisela
- Umuntu wesithathu (ait) Wabheka = Il irrdait.
- Umuntu wokuqala ngobuningi (ions) Sibheke = Ukubheka okukhulu
- Umuntu wesibili ubuningi (iez) Ubukile = Ufuna kakhulu
- Umuntu wesithathu ubuningi (i-aient) Babheka = U-Elles unolwazi
Kuze kube manje isifundo sethu sendlela yokuhlanganisa izenzi zesiFulentshi sesifikile, siyethemba ukuthi sikusizile, yize kungekho noyedwa owathi lolu limi lulula, kuyindaba yokulufunda nokulusebenzisa. Sikufisela inhlanhla!
Qaphela: Uma ukufunda yonke into kuyisicefe kuwe, sikushiyela amavidiyo ukuze ufunde ukuhlanganisa izenzo ngolimi lwesiFulentshi kalula, ikakhulukazi ukuze ufunde Ukuphinyiselwa kwesiFulentshi:
Hlanganisa izenzo ezijwayelekile ku-ER
