Izinombolo zaseGibhithe kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-100

Umhlaba wezinombolo zoMbuso WaseGibhithe uyathakazelisa. Namuhla singafunda futhi sibhale izinombolo njengoba zenzile. Ngabe ufuna ukufunda ukuzibhala futhi? Qhubeka ufunde futhi uzothola zonke izinkinobho.

ifulegi lase-egypt

Into yokuqala okufanele siyenze umehluko phakathi kokumelwa kwezinombolo kuma-hieroglyph ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezazisetshenziselwa ukuqoshwa kwetshe futhi okuyizona esizofunda ukuzibhala, ngakolunye uhlangothi ukumelwa ku-hieratic, okwakuhluke kakhulu futhi kwakuyiyona esetshenziselwa ukubhala nsuku zonke kuma-papyri adumile.

Nanamuhla umuntu angathola imibhalo ethile yasendulo ekhombisa ulwazi olukhulu kakhulu lwezibalo, kepha isifiso sakhe sokufunda ngendlela yokufunda ngemathematics kufanelekile ukunconywa.

Ngaphandle kokuthi abalobi bakhulisa isiko labo ekulandiseni kwabo, ababhali abakhulu abangamaGrikhi bacaphuna abaseGibhithe njengabafundisi emikhakheni eminingi yezibalo efana ne-geometry noma i-arithmetic.

AbaseGibhithe basebenzise lezi zinombolo kusukela eMbusweni Ophakathi waseGibhithe, noma ngabe bekungasetshenziswanga kangako lapho kubhalwa usuku nosuku kupapiri. Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi kuqhubeke, i-hieratic yasetshenziswa, uhlelo lokubhala olwaluvumela ababhali ukubhala phansi ngokushesha okukhulu.

Kodwa-ke, uma kukhulunywa ngokubaza itshe la ma-cryptograms asetshenzisiwe.

Sifunda ulimi lwe-hieroglyphics sibonga ngomkhankaso, owayalelwa uNapoleon Bonaparte, ngo-1799. Uhambo olunjalo lwathola isigaxa esikhulu segranite eRosetta, eGibhithe, iNgilandi eyayizothatha iminyaka emithathu kamuva futhi namuhla esiseBritish Museum e ILondon.

Lelo tshe linemibhalo ngezilimi ezi-3 ezihlukene: i-hieroglyphics, i-Egyptian demotic, ne-Greek yakudala; eyaziwa ngokuthi yiRosetta Stone.

Ngo-1822, uJean François Champollion, waqala ukuyichaza futhi ngonyaka olandelayo uThomas Young naye wanikela kulowo msebenzi. Eminyakeni edlule abanye ababhali abaningi bajoyine lo mbangela, ngaleyo ndlela bachaza ulimi lwama-hieroglyphics laso sonke isintu.

Ngokuqinisekile, okubaluleke kakhulu kwizibalo kube nguHenrich Brugsch, kusukela ngo-1849 washicilela i- "Numerorum apud Veteres Aegyptios", incwadi yokuqala yokufunda izibalo zaseGibhithe ku-Contemporary History ".

Ungazifunda Kanjani Izinombolo ZaseGibhithe: Izimpawu Nenani

Lezi zimpawu ze-hieroglyphic zazisetshenziselwa ukumela amandla ahlukene ayishumi:

  • Induku yokuhamba. Imelela amayunithi: Amayunithi aseGibhithe
  • Njenge. Melela amashumi: Amashumi amaningi aseGibhithe
  • Intambo ehlanganisiwe. Melela amakhulu: Amakhulu amaGibhithe
  • Imbali yeLotus. Imelela amayunithi ayinkulungwane: Izinkulungwane zaseGibhithe
  • Umunwe. Imelela amashumi ezinkulungwane: amashumi ezinkulungwane waseGibhithe                       
  • Ixoxo (noma unoshobishobi). Imelela amakhulu ezinkulungwane:  (amakhulu ezinkulungwane waseGibhithe)
  • Heh (unkulunkulu ongapheli nobuphakade). Imelela isigidi esisodwa noma okungapheli:

Ukusiqonda kahle, silungiselele isithombe ngohlu lwezinombolo zaseGibhithe kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-100, nokuningi:

egypt izinombolo 1 kuye ku-100

Ngakho-ke uma inombolo emele u-1.322, singabhala 1322 ngezinombolo zaseGibhithe

Noma singabhala futhi:Abangu-1322 ngezinombolo zaseGibhithe bahlehlisiwenjengoba kungabhalwa kunoma iyiphi i-oda.

Kufanele wazi ukuthi u-0 wayengekho (kuze kufike ubukhosi be-XIII, eGibhithe Ephakathi) bese uphawu lwe-hieratic "nfr" lwaqala ukusetshenziswa kwi-papyrus futhi izinombolo ze-nfr zasegibhithe ngokumelwa kwe-hieroglyphic. Yize lokhu kuze kwasho isikhala esingenalutho esikhona ngaphambi kuka-1 (futhi lokho kamuva kuzoba ngumkhawulo phakathi kwezinombolo ezakhayo nezimbi). Kepha bekungabhekwa njengokugcwalisa idijithi njengoba siyisebenzisa embhalweni wethu wesi-Arabhu, ngoba lolu hlelo lokubhala lwaluzofika kamuva kakhulu.

Imithetho yokuguqula izinombolo zaseGibhithe zibe isi-Arabhu (izinombolo zethu)

Ama-hieroglyphs ezinombolo angafundwa futhi ahunyushelwe ezinombolweni zethu zesi-Arabhu ngokumane aguqule ifomula engenhla. Uma sibona inombolo ebhalwe etsheni elivela eGibhithe lasendulo, ngokwesibonelo45003 ngezinombolo zaseGibhithesingabona ukuthi ingu-45.003.

  • Kungabhalwa zombili kusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla futhi okuphambene nalokho, futhi kubheke phezulu (phezulu kuye phansi).
  • Sebenzisa izimpawu eziningi njengoba udinga (kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-9) ukumela inombolo oyifunayo.
  • Zihlukanise ngamabhulokhi lapho kuphindaphindwa izimpawu eziningi ezifanayo: izivimbela.
  • Uma ubungumbhali waseGibhithe kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi usebenzisa lokhu kuphela uma kuqoshwa itshe, ukubhala ama-papyri ukusebenzisa kangcono izimpawu zezimpawu zedemokhrasi yaseGibhithe.
  • Izinombolo zaseGibhithe zazingamelwa ngezinombolo noma futhi
  • Ukwakha izimiso ezijwayelekile: kwabokuqala babenophawu oluyingqayizivele: Amayunithi aseGibhithe. Ukusuka kwesesibili kuye kwesesishiyagalolunye kufanele nje ungeze ujeke enombolweni, isibonelo:izimiso ezi-2 kuye kwezi-9 zaseGibhithe. Futhi kusukela ngeleshumi kuya phambili zakhiwa ngokungeza eyodwa ebizwa ngokuthi "gcwalisa" futhi enale fomu: izinombolo ze-ordinal zasegibhithe

Izibalo zaseGibhithe

AbaseGibhithe base bevele bazi izibalo ezingeni elithile, kucatshangelwa ukuthi asinabo ubufakazi kuze kube yi-Middle Egypt ukuthi bayazi inombolo. Umbhalo wakudala waseGibhithe esiwaziyo okhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibalo eGibhithe yiMoscow Papyrus, eyaqala emuva kusuka kuleso sikhathi kuze kube yiminyaka ka 0-2000 BC

Kepha khumbula ukuthi kulokhu basebenzise ezinye izinhlamvu kunalezo ezisetshenziswe kuma-hieroglyphics esiwabone ngenhla. AbaseGibhithe emibhalweni yabo babhala (hhayi izinombolo kuphela kodwa bonke abanye abalingiswa) ngolimi lwabo, i-Egypt demotic, eyabhalwa ngokulandelana.

Ngalolu hlelo abaseGibhithe babhala ngokushesha okukhulu, njengoba babedinga izinhlamvu ezimbalwa ezimbalwa ukumela inombolo efanayo.

Cishe kusukela phambilini, kepha sazi kahle ukuthi ekuqaleni kuka-1650 BC babazi ngokwengeza nokukhipha, ukuphindaphinda nokuhlukanisa, uchungechunge lwezibalo kanye nejometri, izingxenyana zamayunithi, izinombolo eziyinhlanganisela nezinombolo eziyinhloko, izibalo, izindlela zeJiyomethri kanye neHarmonic, nokuthi kanjani ukuxazulula ukulingana oku-oda kokuqala. Futhi lokho kusuka ku-1300 a. C. ingaxazulula izibalo ze-algebraic oda lesibili (i-quadratic).

Kulungile? Cabanga nje ngamaphiramidi amakhulu: Bewazi yini ukuthi adume ngokunemba kwezibalo? Bungobunye ubufakazi bokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwemathematics yaseGibhithe okusetshenzisiwe, kulokhu, ekwakhiweni.

Ngokuphathelene nezingxenyana zama-hieroglyphs siyazi izingxenyana zezinombolo zaseGibhithe, isibalo esisesimweni somlomo ovulekile. Njengokungathi ulungisa inombolo "ezidla" yona ngokomfanekiso.

Ifanekisela ukufana okukodwa ngenombolo oyibeka eceleni kwayo. Ngaphezu kokumelela izingxenyana zamayunithi, okungukuthi, ingxenyenamba eyodwa phakathi kwanoma iyiphi inombolo, babephethe nezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu (2/3) nezintathu kwezine (3/4).

Ukungeza lezi zingxenyana zamayunithi ezinyaweni ezimbalwa ekubhaleni sinezimo ezimbili ezingaba khona: izinyawo "zihamba" ngokuya ngokubhaliwe noma izinyawo ziphikisana nakho. Uma beya ohlangothini lapho kuvezwa khona, basho ukungezwa. Uma ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinyawo zihamba ziqonde kolunye uhlangothi, kusho ukukhipha.

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