Amanani kaMayan ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-1000

AmaMaya ayenye yezona mpucuko zinkulu nezona zihambele phambili eMesoamerica nakwihlabathi liphela. Inkcubeko yamaMeya ihlala kwiPeninsula yaseYucatan, eMexico, nakwezinye iindawo zaseGuatemala. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo enye yezona zinto bezithathele ingqalelo ama Mayan kukuba bebehambele phambili ngokuthelekiswa nabanye abantu, benolwazi olukhulu ngeenkwenkwezi kunye Inkqubo yokubala ngokupheleleyo. Kule nqaku siza kugxila kuyo Amanani kaMayan kwaye ungafunda iziseko.

Inkqubo yamanani kaMayan itsala ingqalelo enkulu kuba ibigqibelele kwaye iphuhlisiwe, ngaphandle kokuba yenziwe ngokuzimeleyo. Le mpucuko yayinombono ocacileyo zero, into engenabantu baseYurophu de amaHindu ayibonisa yona.

Onke amanani kaMeyi

Okulandelayo siza kudwelisa onke amanani kaMayan ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-1000.

ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-100

ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-500

ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-1000

Siyathemba ukuba olu luhlu luluncedo kuwe, ungakhuphela inguqulelo yePDF ngokucofa apha. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga naliphi na inani, unokushiya uluvo ekupheleni kweli nqaku.

Imbali yamanani kaMeya

Iingcali zijonga ukuba Inkqubo yokubhala yamaMaya zii-hieroglyphs, kuba inokubonakala okufana nenkqubo esetyenziswa kwi-Egypt yamandulo. Ukubhala kwakhe kwakuyindibaniselwano yeedigograms kunye neempawu zefonetiki, ke kunzima ukuyiqonda umxholo wayo.

Akukho lwazi lungako malunga nokubhalwa kukaMeya kuba Abefundisi baseSpain bayalela ukuba zitshiswe zonke iincwadi zikaMeyi.

Iinkcukacha ezinomdla malunga nenkqubo yokubala kaMaya kukuba bayile ukulinganisa ixesha kwaye bangenzi ukubala kwezibalo. Ke, Amanani kaMaya anonxibelelwano ngqo kwiintsuku, iinyanga kunye neminyaka, yiyo loo nto ikhalenda kaMaya ingomnye wemisebenzi yakhe eyaziwa kakhulu kwaye yenye yezona zinto zigqibeleleyo nezichanekileyo emhlabeni.

Ngokunjalo, inkqubo yamanani kunye nemathematika yamaMaya yaba yeyokuqala ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yemeko. Oko kukuthi, ixabiso ledijithi okanye inani elixhomekeke kwindawo yalo. Oku ndiza kukuchaza ngakumbi apha ngezantsi.

Abhalwa njani amanani kaMayan?

Ukubala kukaMeya kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda kwaye uyiqonde. Kungenxa yokuba kukho kuphela iisimboli ezintathu, nangona iifom zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kwabo. Olunye amanani lwalenzelwe iikhowudi, ezinye zezikhumbuzo kunye nabanye babenokubonakaliswa kwabantu.

Iimpawu ezintathu ezisisiseko esinokuzifumana kumanani kaMeyi zezi: Inqaku (1) umgca (5) kunye inkumba / imbewu / iqokobhe (0).

Ngokudibanisa ezi mpawu zintathu, amanani kaMeyi ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-20 ukusukela apha ukuya phambili, kubalulekile ukuba ugcine engqondweni ukuba kwinani likaMeyi ubungakanani budityaniswe ngama-20 ngama-20.

Uthini ngamanani kaMayan ukusukela kuma-21 ukubheka phambili? Kulapha apho unokuxabisa i inkqubo yemeko yeeMeya, apho ixabiso lenani okanye inani liyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo efunyenwe kuyo, kuxhomekeke kwindawo emi nkqo kwinani elo.

Emazantsi ngamanani (lawo asuka ku-0 aye ku-20), ngelixa kumgangatho ophezulu amanani axabisa inani eliphindaphindwe ngama-20.

Umzekelo, kwinani lama-25: kwicandelo elisezantsi ngu-5 (umgca olingana no-5), kwaye indawo ephezulu ilingana no-20 (inqaku lilingana no-1, kodwa ukuba kwinxalenye ephezulu liphindaphindwe ngo 20).

Kwimeko apho inani linenqanaba lesithathu, emva koko inani elikwinqanaba lesi-3 liyakuphindwa nge-400 (20 x 20). Xa uqala ukusebenzisa inqanaba lesine, emva koko inani elikwinqanaba lesi-4 liyakuphindwa nge-8000 (20x20x20).

Iimpawu zokubalwa kukaMeya

Njengoko besenditshilo ngaphambilana, esinye sezizathu zokuba inkqubo yokubala amanani kaMayan itsale ingqalelo yeengcali kukuba inezinga eliphezulu lokuntsokotha ukuba lenziwe ngokukodwa kwaye nangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-2.000 XNUMX eyadlulayo, kuba uphando luvezile ukuba yadalwa amakhulu yeminyaka BC Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibonakala ikho inkcubeko yokuqala kwilizwekazi liphela laseMelika ukuba nengcinga yokuba "akukho nto" okanye "zero".

Ngokuchasene noko sinokucinga ekuqaleni, amaMaya awakhange enze inkqubo yamanani ukwenza imisebenzi yezibalo, kodwa kunoko bayisebenzisele ukulinganisa ixesha. Oku kuyaziwa ngenxa yokuba abembi bezinto zakudala befumene ukuhlala apho ukubala kubhekiswa kwimilinganiselo yexesha kunye nokwahlulahlulwa kube ngamaqhezu. Nangona kunjalo, bayisebenzisile ukuxelela ezinye izinto.

Inkqubo enobunzima yamaMaya ithathwa njengenye yezona zichanekileyo kwihlabathi. Ngokufanayo, kukholelwa ukuba Ikhalenda ye-Mayan ichanekile ngaphezu kwekhalenda kaGregory kwaye ikwanokuchaneka okufanayo neenkqubo zemilinganiselo yale mihla.

Nangona eyona nto iphambili ekusebenziseni inkqubo yabo yayikukulinganisa ixesha, enkosi kuyo benza inkqubela phambili enkulu kwijometri, ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi kunye nemathematics.

Ngokubhekisele kwijiyometri, kuyaziwa ukuba Ii-Mayas zazicace gca malunga nonxantathu, isikwere, uxande, isangqa kunye nokujikeleza, Kwaye ke banokulinganisa ii-engile. Babesazi inani elikhulu lamanani ejiyometri kunye nomthamo wejiyometri, ukuba nako ukulinganisa nokuzisebenzisa ngokulula kwazo.

Inkqubo yokubala kaMaya esithetha ngayo yeyona nto iphambili neyaziwayo, kodwa ayisiyiyo kuphela inkqubo yokubala esetyenziswa ngamaMeya.

Inkqubo yokubala iinombolo zika "May"

Le enye indlela yokubala abayisebenzisileyo luphawu kuba basebenzise iintloko zezithixo ezahlukeneyo ukumela amanani, yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba inkqubo yokubala iinombolo. Ikwayinkqubo esebenzayo kwaye elona nani liyi-20.

Kule nkqubo yenani elona nani liphezulu loothixo abanokumelwa yayili-14, ke bekunokwanela ukugubungela amanani ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-13. Wenze ntoni ukumela amanani ama-6 alahlekileyo ukuya kwi-19? Babeka amanani kaMayan ukusuka ku-10 ukuya ku-4 emazantsi esilevu kuthixo owayemele i-9.

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kwaye engaphelelanga, yiyo loo nto yayingasetyenziswanga kwiindawo ezininzi zamaMaya, uninzi lwazo lwalusebenzisa inkqubo yamanqaku, imivumbo kunye neenkumba.

AmaMeya ayengomnye wempucuko emangazayo kunye neyona imangalisayo kwihlabathi, mhlawumbi iphambili kakhulu ngexesha labo ngeendlela ezininzi. Inkqubela phambili yayo kwimathematics, inkqubo yayo yokubala, ikhalenda yayo, uyilo lwayo, ulwazi lwayo ngendalo, njl.

Emva koko siza kubona ividiyo enomdla kakhulu malunga neenombolo zeMeya:

Ukunyamalala kwakhe kunye nekamva

Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukunyamalala kwempucuko kaMayan kwenzeka phakathi kwe Inkulungwane yesi-XNUMX neye-XNUMX yexesha lethu, eli enye yezona mfihlakalo zinkulu kwimbali yoluntu. Kude kube namhlanje, isizathu sokushiya ngokuqhubekayo izixeko ezikhulu zaseMayan, ezazisele zizixeko ezikhulu ezinenkqubela phambili enkulu kwinkcubeko nakwezobuchwephesha, asaziwa. Izazi ngembali ziyaqhubeka nokukhangela imikhondo yokunyamalala kwakhe.

Okwangoku, ezinye zeengcinga ezikhoyo malunga nokushiywa kwezixeko zaseMeya zithetha ngeentlekele zendalo, uhlaselo lobukhosi obunamandla ngakumbi okanye ukupheliswa kwezixhobo ezibanyanzele ukuba bafudukele kwiindawo ezinemihlaba etyebileyo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nanye kwezi ngcamango eqinisekisiweyo.

Kodwa, Ngaba oku kwehla kwakuthetha ntoni ngenkqubo yokubala kukaMeyi, ikhalenda yabo kunye nayo yonke inkqubela phambili abayenzileyo? Lonke olu lwazi lwaluphakame kakhulu kunolo lweYurophu yanamhlanje kwaye mhlawumbi nehlabathi.

Ukufika kwamaSpanish eYucatán ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ukuwa kwempucuko yamaMaya kwakwenzekile kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ezadlulayo, ke unxibelelwano lwamaSpanish nayo yonke inkcubeko yamaMaya lwalungabalulekanga njengolo lwalunalo nama-Aztec kunye nolunye Impucuko esagcina izakhiwo ezinkulu.

Ilifa leMathematika leMathematika laqokelelwa ngabantu ababehlala kwindawo enye yendawo ukuba bona, ngakumbi iiAztec, ekwakubonakala ukuba zisebenzise kakhulu imathematics, nangona inkqubo yemathematics yeAztec yayineeyantlukwano ezininzi ngokubhekisele kwinkqubo kaMayan.

Ekupheleni kwempucuko yama-Aztec kunye neminye imiphakathi eMesoamerica, amasalela enkcubeko yamaMeya ahlala kwimbali. Intsalela eseleyo yokufunda kunye nolwazi lwethu zinqabile kwaye zixabiseke kakhulu.. Phakathi kwentsalela yolwazi lwamaMeya, i-Dresden Codex ibonakala, eyincwadi endala kunazo zonke eMelika, apho kukho lonke icandelo elinikezelwe kwikhalenda kunye nenkqubo yayo yokubala.

Ukuzivocavoca