Izinombolo zamaRoma kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-1000

Njengamanje iningi labantu lisebenzisa uhlelo lwe Izinombolo zesi-Arabhu ngokuba lula. Yize kwezinye izikhathi kwakuhlukile. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule Umbuso waseRoma babusa izindawo ezinkulu amakhulu amaningana eminyaka. Ngobuciko bakhe obukhulu wasakaza ifilosofi yakhe nolwazi yonke indawo, enza kwaziwe Izinombolo zamaRoma. 

Kulo mhlahlandlela sihlose ukukufundisa lolu hlelo lokubala izinombolo, olusasetshenziswa kwezinye izinto (njengama-movie: Izinkanyezi izimpi IV, V, VI), bese ukukuchazela ukuze ukwazi ukukufunda kalula. Okokuqala, uma usuvele uyayazi ithiyori nokuthi yini oyifunayo ukusebenzisa isiguquli, ungayisebenzisa le kusuka lapha:

Umhumushi we-Roman Numeral (Converter)

Yiziphi izinombolo zaseRoma?

Izinombolo zamaRoma ziyisistimu yezinombolo engasetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla. Zenziwe ofeleba abakhulu ukumela izinombolo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinhlamvu kuyangezwa noma kususwe ukuze kunikezwe indlela inombolo ehlukile. Zonke izinhlamvu ezisetshenzisiwe zimi kanje:

• Mina = 1
• V=5
• X = 10
• L=50
• C=100
• D = 500
• M = 1000

Isibonelo, inombolo 1 imelwe yi- incwadi mina ", futhi laba bobabili ngokusebenzisa isamba sika 2 "II". Lapho nje lezi zilinganiso zifana, sizochaza ngezansi ukuthi zingabhalwa kanjani izinombolo zamaRoma.

Zibhalwa kanjani izinombolo zaseRoma?

Ukubhala izinombolo zamaRoma kufanele wazi kahle ukuhlanganisa nokususa. Zonke ezinye izinto ziyimithetho elula esizokukhombisa yona. Ukuze uqale kufanele ukwazi lokho kungabi khona ngaphezu kwezinhlamvu ezi-3 ezilinganayo zilandelana.

Uma izinhlamvu ezimbili zilingana, noma eyokuqala inkulu kuneyesibili, bayanezela, ngaphandle kwalokho (lapho incwadi yokuqala ingaphansi kweyesibili), ziyakhishwa. Isibonelo:

• Mina = 1
• II = 1 + 1 = 2
• II = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
• I-VII = 5 + 1 +1 = 7
• IV = 5 - 1 = 4
• IX = 10 - 1 = 9
• XIX = 10 + 10 - 1 = 19

Uma kwenzeka ufuna ukusebenzisa inombolo elingana noma enkulu kune-4, kuzofanele ubeke umugqa, obizwa i-vinculum, phezulu kwamagama. Lokhu kuzosho ukuthi inani liphindaphindwa ngo-1 000. Isibonelo, i- 4.000 ngamanani aseRoma imelwe kanjena:

Inombolo 10.000 imelwe kanjena:

Futhi ekugcineni, eyodwa engaba yinkimbinkimbi, 50.000 ngamanani aseRoma ibhalwe kanje:

Esikhathini esedlule, izinombolo ezinkulu kakhulu bezingadingeki, njenge izigidi. Futhi amaRoma ayengenandaba. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuwabhala ngokubeka umugqa ngezansi nangaphezulu kwezinhlamvu. Ngaleyo ndlela, uma besifuna ukubhekisa ku-5, besizosebenzisa ifomethi:

Inombolo 5 (V) nokuphindaphindeka kwayo, 50 no-500 (L, D), azikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukukhipha. Akulungile ukubhala i- «VC» ukubhekisa ku- inombolo 95.

Ifomu elifanele yile: I-XCV.

Uhlu lwezinombolo zamaRoma

Njengoba unombono wokuthi ungazibhala kanjani izinombolo zamaRoma, kulula ukuthi ubone uhlu oluphelele ne izinombolo kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-1000, nolunye uchungechunge lwezinombolo eziphakeme. Ngale ndlela uzobazi kangcono futhi uzokwazi ukuwaqonda kangcono.

kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-50

kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-100

kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-500

kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-1000

kusuka ku-1 000 kuya phambili

Ezinhlwini ezedlule sesifinyelele kunombolo engu-1.000 XNUMX, emelwe nguM. Ngezansi sethula ezinye izinombolo eziphakeme ezingaba nentshisekelo kuwe.

• 1 000: UM
• 1: MVII
• 1: MLXXV
• 2: M
• 2: MMXIX
• 3: MMM
• 3 823: MMMDCCCXXIII
• 3 901: MMMCMI
• 4 001: IVI
• 5 954: VI-CMLIV

Sibeka izinombolo ezingahleliwe ngoba sibheka ukuthi zonke izinombolo kuzoba engenasidingo futhi engasebenzi kahle.  Zibheke bese ubona ukuthi yini isakhiwo esisebenzisa ukuyibhala, futhi okungcono, qhamuka nenye indlela yokumela inombolo efanayo. Ngemuva kwalokho sizokutshela ukuthi kungani zingabhalwa ngaleyondlela kuphela. Lolo lwazi luzokusiza kakhulu.

Imithetho yezinombolo zamaRoma

Kuyavunywa, ukusebenza kwezibalo ngezinombolo zamaRoma kunzima kakhulu, empeleni, lokho kungenye ye izizathu kungani lolu hlelo lokubala izinombolo lusebenzise ukusetshenziswa. Indlela yokuxazulula le misebenzi iqukethe ukulandela ezinye izinyathelo, njengoba kunjalo ngezinombolo zesi-Arabhu, noma kunjalo, inqubo enezinombolo zamaRoma Yinde.

Lapha sizochaza ukuthi kanjani engeza, khipha, zanda futhi hlukanisa ngezinombolo zeroma lasendulo.

Sum

Ukufaka izinombolo ezi-2 zamaRoma kufanele ulandele lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Guqula ukukhishwa kube izengezo. Isibonelo: kusuka ku-XXIX (29) kuye ku-XXVIIII. Akukhathalekile ukuthi incwadi iphindaphindwe kaningi ukwedlula kathathu.
2. Hlanganisa (hlanganisa) zombili izinombolo. Isibonelo: XXIX + XIV = XXVIIII + XIIII = XXVIIIIXIIII (lapha siyazihlanganisa).
3. Oda izinhlamvu kusuka kokukhulu kuya kokuncane. Isibonelo: XXVIIIIXIIII = XXXVIIIIIIII.
4. Lokho wukuthi, bhala kahle izinhlamvu ezingeze ukusuka kwesokudla kuye kwesobunxele. Isibonelo: XXXVVIII.
5. Phinda inqubo ulandela imithetho esiyichazile ize iphelele. Isibonelo: XXXVVIII → XXXXIII → XLIII.

Bamba

Ukukhipha kulula kunokufaka. Ukuze ukwenze, landela lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo.

1. Guqula ukukhishwa kube izengezo. Isibonelo: kusuka kuCCXLI (241) kuye kuCCXXXXI. Akukhathalekile ukuthi incwadi iphindaphindwe kaningi ukwedlula kathathu.
2. Susa izinhlamvu ezivamile phakathi kwezinombolo ezimbili. Isibonelo: CCXLI - LXXXV = CCXXXXI - LXXXV = CCXI - LV.
3. Nweba izinhlamvu zethemu lokuqala kuze kuvele izinhlamvu zethemu lesibili. Isibonelo: CCXI - LV = CLLXI - L
4. Phinda izinyathelo 2 no-3 kuze kube yilapho ithemu lesibili lingenalutho. Isibonelo: CLLXI - LV = CLXI - V = CLVVMina - V =
5. Okungukuthi, bhala izinhlamvu kahle. Isibonelo: CLVI = 156. Kulokhu kuhlala kunjalo ngoba azikho izinhlamvu ezikhipha.

Ukuphindaphinda

Ukuphindaphinda izinombolo zamaRoma kufanele wazi bangeze, bese uhlukanisa bese wandisa izinombolo zesi-Arabhu ngo-2.  Kumele futhi wenze itafula, ubeke inamba yesiRoma ngakwesokudla nenye ngakwesobunxele. Bese ulandela izinyathelo ezilandelayo.

Sizobhekisa kukho "KUYA" njengezinombolo ezingakwesobunxele vele "B" njengaleyo engakwesokudla.

1. Hlukanisa u-A ngo-2 bese ubeka i-quotient engezansi. Isibonelo: 23/2 = 11.
2. Phindaphinda u-B ngo-2 bese ubeka imiphumela engezansi.
3. Phinda izinyathelo 1 no-2 kuze kube yilapho ikholomu yesobunxele (i-term A) iyinombolo 1.
4. Susa yonke imigqa etafuleni lapho i-quotient ngakwesobunxele ifana khona.
5. Hlanganisa zonke izinombolo ezisele kukholamu yesokudla (igama B).

Bona isibonelo sendlela okufanele uziphindaphinde ngayo izinombolo ezimbili zamaRoma.

• A = LXXVII = 77
• I-XXXVIII (38)
• I-XIX (19)
• ix (9)
• IV (4)
• II (2)
• Mina (1)
• B = XXXVIII = 38
• I-LXXVI (76)
• I-CLII (152)
• I-CCCIV (304)
• I-DCVIII (608)
• I-MCCXVI (1216)
• I-MMCDXXXII (2432)

Manje sisusa yonke imigqa lapho engxenyeni yesobunxele kunenombolo elinganayo.

• I-LXXVII (77)
• I-XIX (19)
• ix (9)
• Mina (1)
• I-XXXVIII (38)
• I-CLII (152)
• I-CCCIV (304)
• I-MMCDXXXII (2432)

Manje kuzofanele sengeze izinombolo ohlangothini lwesokunene njengoba sesivele senzile.

• I-XXXVIII + CLII + CCCIV + MMCDXXXII
• I-XXXVIII + CLII + CCCIII +MMCCCCXXXII (guqula ukukhishwa kube i- tibalo)
• XXXVIIICLIICCCIIIIMMCCCCXXXXII (beka izinombolo ndawonye)
• MMCCCCCCCCLXXXXXXIIIIIIIIIIII (zihlunge kusuka phezulu kuya phansi)
• MMDCCCLLXVXI (yenza lula ngokungeza ukusuka kwesokudla kuye kwesobunxele)
• I-MMDCCCCXXVI (yenza lula ngokungeza ukusuka kwesokudla kuye kwesobunxele)
• I-MMCMXXVI (umphumela wokugcina: 2926)

Isigaba

Ukuhlukaniswa ngezinombolo zamaRoma abaphumelelanga kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho ayikho imithetho eyaziwayo yokususa.

Ukuphela kwento eyaziwayo ukuthi kufanele ususe ifayela le- isahlukanisi sokuhlukanisa uze ufike kunombolo engaphansi kwesihlukanisi. Isibonelo: 10/3. Lapha idividendi ingu-10 kuthi isahlukanisi ibe ngu-3.

Okufanele ukwenze ukubala ukwahlukana ngezinombolo zamaRoma yilokhu okulandelayo:

• 10 - 3 = 7
• 7 - 3 = 4
• 4 - 3 = 1

Okusele kungu-1 kuthi i-quotient ibe ngu-3 (ngoba sisuse amahlandla ama-3). Ngakho-ke impendulo ingu-3, ​​kepha akusilo iqiniso ngokuphelele, ngoba 10/3 = 3,33333 ...

Kufanele wenze le nqubo efanayo ngezinhlamvu zamaRoma futhi uzothola umphumela kulolo hlelo lwezinombolo. Ukuze ucaciseleke ngalolu lwazi, sizokukhombisa izinto eziningi okufanele uzicabangele ngalezi zinombolo. Siyaqiniseka ukuthi ngale ndlela uzoziqonda ngokuphelele.

1. Izinombolo zamaRoma zinenani le-ordinal. Ngakho-ke, kuzobe kungalungile ukuthi “VIII. Games Imidlalo yama-Olimpiki ». Into eyiyo yile: Imidlalo ye-VIII yama-Olimpiki.
2. Izinhlamvu "V, D no-L" aziphindwa. Kunezinye izinhlamvu ezimele lezo zinombolo, isibonelo, esikhundleni sokubhala i-LL, okungaba yi-100, kusetshenziswe uhlamvu C.
3. Inombolo zero (0) ayikho ngaphakathi kwezinombolo zamaRoma. Ukubhekisa kwinombolo abasebenzise amagama nulla, nihil noma uhlamvu uN.
4. Uphawu engingalususa kuphela ku-V naku-X.
5. Uphawu X lususa kuphela ku-L naku-C.
6. Uphawu C lungasusa kuphela ku-D naku-M.
7. Okuwukuphela kokungabhala izinhlamvu zezinombolo zamaRoma ngo isikhwama esincane ukuhlela uhlu lwezinto.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezinombolo zamaRoma kuyindlala kakhulu, yize ukufunda kwabo kubalulekile. Imvamisa uzozibona zibhalwa ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Ngokulandelana kopapa, amakhosi, amakhosana noma amakhosi anegama elifanayo (uHenry VIII waseNgilandi).
• Ukuqamba amakhulu eminyaka (i-XNUMXth century).
• Ukubala amavolumu noma izahluko zencwadi noma i-movie (Isahluko I).
• Ukubala imikhosi ebanjwa ngezikhathi ezithile (IV Hunting Games).
• Ukuqamba amakhosi wamasiko athile (Ubukhosi beXVI Qing).

Izinsuku ngezinombolo zamaRoma

Ukubhala izinsuku ngezinombolo zamaRoma kulula impela. Ukuphela kokufanele ukwenze ukwehlukanisa usuku lube ngamaqembu amancane bese ukuguqula lokho kube izinombolo zamaRoma. Isibonelo, uma sifuna ukuguqula idethi 01-02-2018, noma yini efanayo, I-1 February ka-2018. Okokuqala siguqula usuku, 1, okungaba yimina, bese siguqula inyanga, 2, okungaba yi-II, bese ekugcineni siguqula unyaka, u-2018, obe kuzoba yi-MMXVIII.

Ngemuva kwalokho sihlela kabusha ingxenye ngayinye kwifomethi yethu yendabuko: I-II-MMXVIII. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nale nqubo, ungasishiya namazwana ekugcineni kwe-athikili.

Ungazifaka kanjani izinombolo zamaRoma eZwini?

Abaningi benu basibuze lo mbuzo futhi sizozama ukuwuphendula ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Okokuqala, uma ufuna ukubhala u-1 ngezinombolo zesiRoma ku-Word's processor processor, kufanele ubhale uhlamvu I ngofeleba. Kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-4000 zonke izinombolo zingamelwa ngezinhlamvu esivame ukuzisebenzisa. Uma ufuna ukubhala inombolo enkulu, njengo-5000, kufanele usebenzise i- i-vinculum njengoba sesivele siphawule, esingakufeza ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Okokuqala sicindezela Faka -> Isibalo esisha.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho sibheka inketho ye-Accent bese sikhetha ibha eyodwa bar ngenhla:
3. Esizoba nokuthile okufana nalokhu embhalweni wethu weZwi:
4. Ekugcineni, ngaphakathi kwalesikwele sibhala noma yini esifuna ukuba ne-vinculum. Isibonelo, kwinombolo engu-5002 esizoba nayo:

Ilungile! Usuvele uyazi ukuthi ungazibhala kanjani izinombolo zamaRoma eZwini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ufuna uhlu ukusebenzisa izinombolo zamaRoma esikhundleni sezinombolo ezijwayelekile, inketho elandelayo iyasetshenziswa:

Noma kunjalo, uma unemibuzo ungasishiyela amazwana ngezansi futhi sizophendula ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ukuzivocavoca