Izinombolo zeMayan kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-1000

AmaMaya ayengomunye wemiphakathi emikhulu kakhulu futhi ethuthuke kakhulu eMesoamerica nakuwo wonke umhlaba. Isiko lamaMeya lihlala eNhlonhlweni Yucatan, eMexico, nakwezinye izingxenye zeGuatemala. Ngaphandle kokungabaza esinye sezici esidonse kakhulu ukunaka kumaMaya ukuthi babethuthuke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abantu, benolwazi oluningi lokufunda ngezinkanyezi kanye uhlelo oluphelele lokubala izinombolo. Kulesi sihloko sizogxila koku Izinombolo zeMeya futhi ungafunda izisekelo.

Uhlelo lwezinombolo lweMayan ludonsa ukunaka okukhulu ngoba beluphelele futhi lwakhiwe, yize lwaluthuthukiswe ngokuzimela. Le mpucuko yayinombono ocacile we Cero, into abaseYurophu ababengenayo kuze kube yilapho amaHindu ebakhombisa yona.

Zonke izinombolo zeMayan

Ngokulandelayo sizobhala zonke izinombolo zeMayan kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-1000. Kunezithombe eziningana ongazilanda kukhompyutha yakho, iselula noma uziphrinte ukuze uzifunde ngokujulile.

kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-100

kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-500

kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-1000

Sithemba ukuthi lolu hlu luwusizo kuwe, ungalanda inguqulo ye-PDF ngokuchofoza lapha. Uma unemibuzo nganoma iyiphi inombolo, ungashiya amazwana ekupheleni kwalesi sihloko.

Umlando wezinombolo zeMayan

Ochwepheshe babheka ukuthi i- Uhlelo lokubhala lwamaMaya ama-hieroglyphs, ngoba inokufana okuthile nohlelo olusetshenziswa eGibhithe lasendulo. Ukubhala kwakhe kwakwenziwe inhlanganisela yama-ideograms nezimpawu zefonethiki, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda okuqukethwe kukho.

Akukho mininingwane eminingi ngokubhalwa kweMeya ngoba Abapristi baseSpain bayalela ukuthi kushiswe zonke izincwadi zamaMaya.

Imininingwane ethokozisayo ngohlelo lwezinombolo zeMayan ukuthi balusungule ukukala isikhathi hhayi ukwenza izibalo. Ngakho-ke, Izinombolo zeMayan zixhumene ngqo nezinsuku, izinyanga neminyaka.

Ngokunjalo nohlelo lwamaMaya lwezinombolo nezibalo kwaba olokuqala ukwakha uhlelo lwesimo. Okusho ukuthi, inani ledijithi noma inombolo lincike endaweni yalo. Lokhu ngizochaza ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.

Izinombolo zeMayan zibhalwa kanjani?

Izinombolo zeMayan kulula ukuyiqonda futhi uyiqonde. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kukhona kuphela izimpawu ezintathu, yize amafomu angahluka ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa okunikezwayo. Ezinye izinombolo zazingezama-codex, ezinye zazenziwe ngamatshe esikhumbuzo kanti ezinye zaze zaba nezethulo zabantu.

Izimpawu ezintathu eziyisisekelo esingazithola ezinombolweni zeMayan yilezi: Iphuzu (1), umugqa (5) futhi umnenke / imbewu / igobolondo (0).

Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zimpawu ezintathu, izinombolo ze-Mayan ezisuka ku-0 ziye ku-20 zingatholwa.Kusuka lapha kuqhubeke, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale ukhumbula ukuthi kwinombolo kaMayan amanani aqoqwe ngama-20 ngama-20.

Kuthiwani ngezinombolo ze-Mayan kusuka ku-21 kuye phambili? Kulapha lapho ungabonga khona i- uhlelo lwesimo yamaMayan, lapho inani lenombolo noma isibalo lihluka kuye ngesimo esitholakala kuso, ngokuya ngesikhundla esime mpo leyo nombolo ekuso.

Ngezansi kukhona izinombolo (lezo ezisuka ku-0 ziye ku-20), ngenkathi ezingeni eliphezulu izinombolo zifanele isibalo sezinombolo eziphindwe ngama-20.

Isibonelo, kunombolo 25: engxenyeni engezansi ingu-5 (umugqa olingana no-5), nengxenye ephezulu ilingana no-20 (iphoyinti lilingana no-1, kodwa ukuba engxenyeni engenhla liphindaphindwe ngo 20).

Uma kwenzeka isibalo sinezinga lesithathu, lapho-ke isibalo esisezingeni lesithathu sizophindaphindwa ngama-3 (20 x 20). Lapho kusetshenziswa ibanga lesine, lapho-ke isibalo esisezingeni lesi-4 sizophindaphindwa ngama-8000 (20x20x20).

Izici zokubalwa kweMeya

Njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, esinye sezizathu esenza ukuthi uhlelo lokubala izinombolo lweMayan ludonse ukunakekela kochwepheshe ukuthi lwalunezinga eliphakeme lobunzima lokuthi lwadalwa lulodwa futhi eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-2.000 XNUMX eyedlule, ngoba ucwaningo lwembule ukuthi lwakhiwa amakhulu yeminyaka BC Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ivelele ngokuba isiko lokuqala ezwenikazi lonke laseMelika ukuba nomqondo wokuthi "akukho lutho" noma "zero".

Ngokuphikisana nalokho esingakucabanga ekuqaleni, amaMaya awasungulile uhlelo lwawo lwezinombolo ukwenza imisebenzi yezibalo, kepha kunalokho bebeyisebenzisa ukukala isikhathi. Lokhu kuyaziwa ngenxa yokuthi abavubukuli bathole izinsalela lapho izinombolo ziqondiswe ekulinganisweni kwesikhathi nokuhlukaniswa kwaso kube izingxenyana. Yize kunjalo, babesebenzisa nayo ukutshela ezinye izinto.

Uhlelo olusebenzayo lwamaMeya lubhekwa njengolunembile kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngokufanayo, kukholelwa ukuthi Ikhalenda le-Mayan linembile kunekhalenda likaGregory nokuthi ibinokunemba okufana nezinhlelo zokulinganisa zanamuhla.

Yize ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kohlelo lwabo lokubala izinombolo kwakungukulinganisa isikhathi, ngenxa yalo baphinde benza inqubekela phambili enkulu kwejometri, ukufundwa kwezinkanyezi nezibalo.

Ngokuphathelene ne-geometry, kuyaziwa ukuthi AmaMaya abecace bha ngomqondo wonxantathu, isikwele, unxande, indingilizi nomjikelezo, futhi bekwazi ukukala ama-engeli. Babazi inani elikhulu lezibalo zeJiyomethri kanye namavolumu weJiyomethri, anamandla okukala futhi awasebenzise ngokuvumelana nawo.

Uhlelo lokubala izinombolo lwamaMaya esikhuluma ngalo yilona oluphambili nolwaziwa kakhulu, kepha akusilona kuphela uhlelo lokubala izinombolo olusetshenziswa ngamaMeya.

Uhlelo lokubala izinombolo “lwekhanda” lwaseMayan

Lolu olunye uhlelo lokubala izinombolo abalusebenzisile luphawu olukhulu ngoba basebenzise amakhanda onkulunkulu abehlukene ukumela izinombolo, yingakho laziwa njenge uhlelo lokubala izinhloko. Futhi uhlelo oluphikisayo futhi inombolo yalo enkulu ingama-20.

Kulolu hlelo lokubala izinombolo isibalo esiphezulu sezithixo ezingamelwa sasingu-14, ngakho-ke zanele kuphela ukumboza izinombolo kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-13. Wenzeni ukuze umele izinombolo ezi-6 ezingekho kuze kufike ku-19? Babeka izinombolo zeMayan ukusuka ku-10 kuye ku-4 engxenyeni engezansi yesilevu sikankulunkulu owayemele i-9.

Ngaphandle kokungabaza uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi olungaphelele kakhulu, yingakho belungasetshenziswanga emiphakathini eminingi yamaMaya, iningi labo belisebenzisa uhlelo lwamaphuzu, imivimbo neminenke.

AmaMayan abengomunye wemiphakathi ebabazekayo futhi emangazayo emhlabeni, okungenzeka ukuthi ithuthuke kakhulu ngesikhathi sabo ngezindlela eziningi. Ukuthuthuka kwayo kwezibalo, uhlelo lwayo lokubala izinombolo, ikhalenda lalo, ukwakhiwa kwalo, ulwazi lwalo ngomkhathi, njll., Kokuningi kwalokhu kudlula noma iyiphi enye impucuko yangaleso sikhathi.

Ngokulandelayo sizobona ividiyo ethakazelisa kakhulu ngezinombolo zeMayan:

Ukunyamalala kwakhe nekusasa lakhe

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukunyamalala kwempucuko yamaMaya kwenzeka phakathi kwe- Ikhulu lesi-XNUMX nelesi-XNUMX yesikhathi sethu, okuyi enye yezimfihlakalo ezinkulu emlandweni wesintu. Kuze kube namuhla isizathu sokushiywa okuqhubekayo kwamadolobha amakhulu aseMayan, ayesephenduke amadolobha amakhulu anentuthuko enkulu kwezamasiko nakwezobuchwepheshe, asaziwa. Izazi-mlando ziyaqhubeka nokufuna imikhondo ngokunyamalala kwakhe.

Njengamanje, eminye imicabango ekhona mayelana nokushiywa kwamadolobha aseMayan ikhuluma ngezinhlekelele zemvelo, ukuhlaselwa yimibuso enamandla kakhulu noma ngisho nokuncipha kwezinsizakusebenza ezaphoqelela ukuthi bathuthele ezindaweni ezinemihlaba evundile. Kodwa-ke, ayikho neyodwa yale mibono efakazelwe.

Kodwa, Ngabe lokhu kwehla kwakusho ukuthini ngohlelo lwezinombolo zamaMeya, ikhalenda labo kanye nayo yonke intuthuko ababekwenzile? Lonke lolu lwazi lwaluphakeme kakhulu kunalolo lweYurophu yangaleso sikhathi futhi nomhlaba wonke.

Lapho abaseSpain befika eYucatán ngekhulu le-XNUMX, ukuwa kwempucuko yamaMaya kwakwenzeka emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule, ngakho ukuxhumana kwabaseSpain nayo yonke inkambiso yamaMaya kwakungabalulekanga njengalokhu eyayinakho nama-Aztec nezinye impucuko esagcina izakhiwo ezinkulu.

Ifa lezibalo lamaMaya laqoqwa ngabantu ababehlala endaweni efanayo ukuthi bona, ikakhulukazi ama-Aztec, nawo agqamile ngokusebenzisa kwabo kakhulu izibalo, yize uhlelo lwezibalo lwama-Aztec lwalunokuhlukahluka okuningana maqondana nohlelo lwamaMeya.

Ekupheleni kwempucuko yama-Aztec neminye imiphakathi emikhulu yaseMesoamerica, izinsalela zesiko lamaMeya zahlala emlandweni. Izinsalela ezisalele ukutadisha nolwazi lwethu zimbalwa kakhulu futhi zibaluleke kakhulu.. Phakathi kwezinsalela zolwazi lwamaMeya, i-Dresden Codex ivelele, okuyincwadi endala kunazo zonke eMelika, lapho kunengxenye ephelele ebekelwe ikhalenda nohlelo lwayo lokubala izinombolo.

Ukuzivocavoca