I-Feast of the Gods iwumsebenzi wobuciko womdwebo we-Italian Renaissance owenziwe umdwebi we-Florentine uSandro Botticelli phakathi kuka-1482 no-1483. Utholakala e-Uffizi Gallery e-Florence, e-Italy. Ipendwe ngamafutha kukhanvasi futhi ilinganisa cishe amamitha angu-5 ngamamitha angu-3. Umsebenzi umele isiqephu esivela enkondlweni eyingqophamlando ethi Odyssey, eyabhalwa nguHomer ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC. C., echaza idili elenziwa onkulunkulu abangafi ukuze bagubhe ukunqoba kuka-Achilles uTroy.
Kulo msebenzi, onkulunkulu bangabonakala bebuthene bezungeza idili elikhulu e-Olympus, behlezi ezihlalweni zobukhosi zegolide futhi bezungezwe amakholomu namakhothamo ahlotshisiwe. Abalingiswa abayinhloko bahlanganisa uZeus (uyise wabo bonke onkulunkulu), uHera (umkaZeus), uPoseidon (unkulunkulu wolwandle), no-Aphrodite (unkulunkulukazi wothando). Ingemuva lakhiwe izindawo zemvelo ezifana nezintaba, imifula namahlathi azungeze i-Olympus. Lo mdwebo uqukethe nezibalo ezihlukahlukene zezinganekwane ezifana nama-centaurs, mermaids, ngisho nehhashi elinamaphiko i-Pegasus elindiza ngaphezu kwamafu.
Umkhosi Wonkulunkulu uthathwa njengesibonelo esiphelele sesitayela sobuciko se-Italian Renaissance esibonakala ngamaqiniso aso anemininingwane, umbala ogqamile, kanye nokwakheka okunokulinganisela. Igcwele izimpawu zezenkolo nezomlando ezibonisa isiko lasendulo lamaGreki kanye nezinkolelo zobuKristu zasendulo zaseYurophu. Umsebenzi usuphenduke uphawu lwezithonjana lweFlorence amakhulu eminyaka ngenxa yobuhle bawo obuyingqayizivele nobungapheli obukhuthaze izizukulwane ezilandelayo kuze kube yilolu suku.
Isifingqo
Umkhosi Wonkulunkulu isiko lamaNorse elisukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Lo mkhosi wawenzelwa ukudumisa onkulunkulu nokucela isibusiso sabo. Idili lalihlanganisa idili elalihanjelwa yibo bonke onkulunkulu, kuhlanganise nezimenywa ezingabantu. Phakathi nedili, izihambeli zazijabulela ukudla neziphuzo, umculo nomdanso, kanye nokuxoxa izindaba nokuphana izipho.
Phakathi noMkhosi Wonkulunkulu, amasiko angcwele nawo ayenziwa ukuze kuhlonishwe onkulunkulu nokucela izibusiso zabo. Le mikhosi yayihlanganisa iminikelo yokudla neziphuzo, imihlatshelo yezilwane noma yabantu, imithandazo, nezicelo zemilingo. Ngezinye izikhathi imidlalo noma imiqhudelwano yayibuye ibanjelwe phakathi kwabahambele lo mcimbi ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ubani ohamba phambili esigabeni ngasinye.
Umkhosi Wonkulunkulu wawuyisenzakalo esibalulekile esikweni lamaNorse njengoba wawumelela ukuxhumana phakathi komhlaba waphezulu nowomuntu. Onkulunkulu babehlonishwa ngamandla nokuhlakanipha kwabo, kuyilapho abantu bethola isibusiso sabo ukuze baphumelele ezimpilweni zabo zasemhlabeni. Ngaphezu kokubaluleka okungokomoya kwalesi senzakalo, kuphinde kwaba yithuba lokuhlangana nomndeni nabangane abakude futhi sicobelelane ngezindaba ngokwenzeka kwezinye izingxenye zezwe laseNordic.
Abalingiswa abakhulu
Umkhosi Wonkulunkulu ungenye yezinganekwane ezidume kakhulu ezinganekwaneni zamaNorse. Le ndaba isitshela ngokufika kukankulunkulu u-Odin nabangane bakhe endlini yomdondoshiya uBaugi, befuna idili labonkulunkulu.
U-Baugi wayengumfowabo omncane we-giant Suttung, owayentshontshe i-mead engcwele equkethe lonke ulwazi nokuhlakanipha emhlabeni. U-Odin wathola ngalokhu futhi wanquma ukuyoyikhiphela onkulunkulu. Lapho befika emzini kaBaugi, wabenzela idili njengomvuzo wosizo lwabo ekubuyiseni isidlo esingcwele.
Onkulunkulu bahlala bezungeza itafula futhi baqala ukudla nokuphuza kwaze kwasala lutho etafuleni. Izitsha eziphakelwayo zazihlanganisa inyama eyosiwe, izinkwa ezinoshukela, izithelo ezintsha, iwayini elimnandi nobhiya obuqinile. Ngemva kokudla basutha, onkulunkulu baneliseka kangangokuthi banquma ukuhlala lapho izinsuku ezintathu ukuze bagubhe impumelelo yabo ekubuyiseleni i-mead engcwele konkulunkulu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi babecula izingoma zasendulo ezitusa u-Odin ngomsebenzi wakhe futhi bebabaza impumelelo yakhe ngezitsha ezigcwele iwayini noma ubhiya obunamandla. Ekupheleni kwalezi zinsuku ezintathu babuyela ngokunqoba e-Asgard ne-mead engcwele esitokisini sabo.
Idili Lonkulunkulu liyindaba ebalulekile ezinganekwaneni zamaNorse njengoba lisibonisa ukuthi u-Odin wakwazi kanjani ukufeza okungacatshangwa: ukweba i-mead engcwele eyigugu evela ku-giant Suttung ngaphandle kokutholwa noma ukulahlekelwa endleleni eya e-Asgard. Le ndaba iphinde isibonise ukuthi kwakubaluleke kangakanani ngamaNorsemen asendulo ukugubha impumelelo yawo ngamadili amakhulu agcwele ukudla okumnandi, isiphuzo esihle nezingoma zasendulo ezaziculwa phakathi kwabangane ukuze kuhlonishwe labo abenze lokho kwenzeke.
onkulunkulu abangenelelayo
Umkhosi Wonkulunkulu ungomunye wemikhosi eyinhloko ezinganekwaneni zamaNorse. Lona umkhosi waminyaka yonke lapho onkulunkulu behlangana khona ukuze bahlanganyele ukudla neziphuzo, kanye nokuxoxa izindaba nokucula izingoma. Leli qembu ligujwa ehholo laseValhalla, indawo lapho amaqhawe awela khona empini athathwa yiValkyries.
Onkulunkulu abakhulu ababambe iqhaza eSidlweni ngu-Odin, uThor, uFreya noHeimdall. Kukhona nabanye onkulunkulu abancane abakhona njengoLoki, uBragi no-Idun. Phakathi nomgubho, ngamunye wabo wabelana ngezinto zakhe nezinye izihambeli ngenkathi ejabulela ukudla neziphuzo okuhlinzekwa uFreyja noHeimdall. Izivakashi ziphinde zijabulele ukuzijabulisa okunikezwa u-Bragi, odlala ihabhu lakhe eliwumlingo futhi ocula izingoma zasendulo ezimayelana nohambo oluyingqophamlando lonkulunkulu baseNorse.
Ngaphezu kokuzijabulisa komculo okunikezwa uBragi phakathi nedili, kukhona nemidlalo ejabulisayo wonke umuntu angajabulela ndawonye. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imidlalo efana nokuphonsa isando (Thor), izinhlanga (Odin), kanye nemincintiswano yezinkondlo (Bragi). Ekupheleni kwephathi, wonke umuntu uvalelisa ngesinkwa esijabulisayo ngaphambi kokuba abuyele emakhaya ukuze alungiselele omunye umgubho omkhulu ngonyaka olandelayo.
Izihloko eziyinhloko ezihlanganisiwe
Umkhosi Wonkulunkulu umgubho wasendulo futhi wasenganekwaneni osukela ezinganekwaneni zamaNorse. Kuyidili elingcwele lapho onkulunkulu behlangana khona ukuze bahlanganyele ukudla, okuphuzwayo nokuzijabulisa. Idili lachazwa okokuqala enkondlweni yakwa-Edda, iqoqo lezinkondlo zaseScandinavia ezabhalwa phakathi kwekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX.
Ngokusho kwenganekwane, uMkhosi Wonkulunkulu wenzeka e-Asgard, idolobha lasezulwini lapho onkulunkulu bamaNorse babehlala khona. Izivakashi zazihlanganisa bonke onkulunkulu abakhulu beqembu lamaNorse: u-Odin, uThor, uFreya noLoki phakathi kwabanye. Idili beliphethwe uFreyja, unkulunkulukazi wothando nenzalo. Phakathi nedili, kwakuphakwa izibiliboco njengenyama yengulube yasendle eyosiwe enososo obabayo nesinkwa esisanda kubhakwa esenziwe ngofulawa ocolekileyo. Isiphuzo esiyintandokazi kwakuyi-mead (ingxube yamanzi noju oluvutshiwe).
Ngaphandle kwalesi sidlo esiphundu, kwakunemisebenzi eminingi ejabulisayo ongayijabulela phakathi nedili. Onkulunkulu babedlala imidlalo efana namadayisi noma amakhadi; bacula izingoma; basina bezungeza umlilo; babexoxa izindaba futhi baze benze izinselele zomzimba ezifana nokubambana noma imijaho yokugijima. Le misebenzi yasiza ukugcina umoya wokuncintisana uphila phakathi kwabo futhi yabavumela ukuba baphumule ngemva kosuku olude besebenza ukuze bagcine ukuhleleka e-Asgard.
Idili Lonkulunkulu liwuphawu olubalulekile lwamasiko phakathi kwezinganekwane zamaNorse njengoba limelela umqondo oyinhloko ngemuva komqondo wamaViking: ukwabelana ngokudla okuhle nabangane abahle kuyilapho sigubha ukuphila ndawonye. Leli siko lisahlonishwa nanamuhla phakathi nemikhosi yesimanje njengemishado noma imibuthano yomndeni lapho izitsha zendabuko ziphakelwa khona kanye nophuzo oludakayo ukuze kukhunjulwe leli siko lasendulo lobuqaba.
