I-Twilight of the Gods ifilimu yaseJalimane yango-1950 eqondiswa umqondisi waseJalimane, uFW Murnau. Isekelwe kunoveli engaziwa eyabhalwa uThomas Mann futhi iyidrama yengqondo ehlola ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi phakathi kwesifiso somuntu kanye nokuziphatha okwamukelekayo emphakathini. Le filimu ilandela u-Hans (Mathias Wieman), isihlabani esencane esithandana no-Lola (Lilian Harvey), umdansi we-cabaret, futhi elwa nomndeni wakhe ukuze amshade. Njengoba indaba iqhubeka, sibona ukuthi abalingiswa abakhulu balwa kanjani namademoni abo angaphakathi njengoba bezama ukuthola indlela yabo ezweni lanamuhla. I-Twilight of the Gods ithathwa njengendawo yakudala yasesinema yaseJalimane futhi yaqokelwa indondo ye-Oscar ye-Best Adapted Screenplay ngo-1951. Ifilimu igcwele izimpawu ezijulile nemifanekiso emihle ye-cinematographic ebonisa ubunkimbinkimbi bengqikithi eyinhloko: ukungqubuzana phakathi komuntu nomuntu. okwaphezulu.
Isifingqo
I-Twilight of the Gods ingenye yezindaba ezidume kakhulu ezinganekwaneni zamaNorse. Le ndaba ikhuluma ngokuphela komhlaba njengoba onkulunkulu namaqhawe bekwazi, nokuthi bonke balungiselela kanjani isiphetho esingenakugwenywa esibalindile.
Indaba iqala ngesiprofetho somboni ogama lakhe linguVöluspá, obikezela ukuthi iRagnarok, noma Ukuphela Kwezwe, kuseduze. Lesi siprofetho siyagcwaliseka lapho onkulunkulu bethola izindaba zokuthi isitha sabo esesatshwa kakhulu, umdondoshiya uLoki, seqe ejele laso. U-Loki ufika namadodana akhe asabekayo: uFenrir impisi enkulu kanye no-Jörmungandr udrako wasolwandle. Lezi zidalwa zisongela ukubhubhisa umhlaba wonke uma zingamiswa ngesikhathi.
Onkulunkulu babe sebenquma ukuhlangana e-Asgard ukuze baxoxe ngokuthi bangamisa kanjani u-Loki nezingane zakhe ezimbi ngaphambi kokuba kuphuze kakhulu. Njengoba bexoxa ngamasu okunqoba izitha zabo, uThor uqala ukuyofuna isando uMjolnir ukuze abasize ekulweni kwabo namandla amabi. Ngeshwa, uThor akakwazi ukumthola ngesikhathi futhi onkulunkulu baphoqeleka ukuthi babhekane nebutho elibi ngaphandle kwakhe. Ekugcineni ngemva kwempi ende yamaqhawe phakathi konkulunkulu namandla amabi; U-Odin (uyise wabo bonke onkulunkulu) udela ukuphila kwakhe ukuze asindise umhlaba e-Ragnarok futhi kanjalo alondoloze ubukhona bendawo yonke yaseNordic.
Nakuba le ndaba imayelana nesenzakalo esibhubhisayo esiqeda umhlaba njengoba onkulunkulu baseNorse besazi; kunezifundo eziningi ezinhle esingazifunda kuyo: Isibindi lapho sibhekene nengozi; Umhlatshelo walabo abathandayo; Ukubaluleka kokuma uqine lapho ubhekene nobunzima; Futhi isidingo esibalulekile sokwamukela ikusasa lethu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ukubhekana nalo.
Abalingiswa abakhulu
I-Twilight of the Gods ingenye yezinganekwane eziyinhloko zezinganekwane zamaNorse. Le ndaba ikhuluma ngokuwa kombuso wezithixo kanye nokuphela kwezwe elaziwayo. Isakhiwo sembuleka ngezingxenye ezintathu: isiqalo, esimaphakathi nesiphetho.
Engxenyeni yokuqala, kuyalandwa ukuthi onkulunkulu banquma kanjani ukudala umhlaba ozophila kuwo. Onkulunkulu bakhetha u-Ymir njengosakhamuzi wabo wokuqala, ongumdondoshiya owadalwa yiqhwa neqhwa. Umhlaba abawudalayo wakhiwe yi-Niflheim, indawo yamathunzi; Muspelheim, umbuso womlilo; Midgard, umbuso wabantu; I-Asgard, ikhaya labonkulunkulu; kanye neJotunheim, ikhaya leziqhwaga.
Engxenyeni yesibili kuchazwa ukuthi u-Odin uhola kanjani abafowabo uVili noVe ukuze banqobe i-Ymir enkulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela bathole impahla eluhlaza eyanele ukudala uMidgard. Lapho sebewuqedile umsebenzi wabo, u-Odin wakha ihholo elikhulu elibizwa ngokuthi iValhalla lapho bethola khona lawo maqhawe afela empini ngokuhlonishwa. Uphinde wakhela i-Asgard njengendawo yokuhlala yena nezingane zakubo kanye nabanye onkulunkulu ababalulekile abanjengoThor noma uFreya phakathi kwabanye.
Engxenyeni yesithathu, kuhlobene nokuthi uLoki wenza kanjani uzungu ngokumelene nabanye onkulunkulu, ngaleyo ndlela ebangela ukuwa kwakhe kancane kancane aze afike eRagnarök (i-Twilight of the Gods). Phakathi nalesi senzakalo yonke imibuso ibhujiswa ngomlilo kuyilapho izibalo eziningi ezibalulekile zifa empini kuhlanganise no-Odin ngokwakhe oshwabadela uFenrir (impisi enkulu). Ekugcineni, kusele ababili kuphela abasindile: uBaldur (indodana ka-Odin eyintandokazi) noHoenir (umngane omdala). Laba ababili baqala uhambo lokwakha kabusha yonke into ecekeleke phansi ngesikhathi seRagnarök, ngaleyo ndlela baqale umhlaba omusha.
onkulunkulu abangenelelayo
I-Twilight of the Gods ingenye yezindikimba ezibaluleke kakhulu nezibalulekile kuzinganekwane zamaNorse. Lokhu kulandisa kuchaza ukuphela kwezwe njengoba kwaziwa konkulunkulu nakubantu, kanye nokubhujiswa kwe-cosmic order.
Indaba iqala ngonkulunkulu u-Odin, uyise wabo bonke onkulunkulu baseNorse, onquma ukudela iso lakhe ukuze azuze ukuhlakanipha. Ngemuva kwalokhu, yena nabafowabo uVili noVe badala umhlaba ngesidumbu sika-Ymir, umdondoshiya wokuqala. Le ndalo ihlanganisa uMidgard (izwe labantu), u-Asgard (ikhaya lonkulunkulu), noJotunheim (ikhaya leziqhwaga).
Onkulunkulu bahlala ngokuthula ezizukulwaneni eziningi kuze kufike uRagnarok, isiprofetho esibikezela ukubhujiswa komhlaba. Iqala ngeFimbulwinter, ubusika obubanda kakhulu nobushubile obuthatha iminyaka emithathu ngaphandle kokuma. Ngalesi sikhathi kwaqubuka izimpi phakathi kwezizwe ezihlukahlukene zabantu kanye phakathi kwazo; kukhona nezimpi phakathi konkulunkulu nezitha zabo: Imidondoshiya yaseJotunheim. Ekugcineni kufika isikhathi esiyinhlekelele lapho wonke umuntu ebuthana enkundleni yempi ebizwa ngokuthi uVigrid ukuze alwe okokugcina.
Phakathi nale mpi yokugcina izinhlamvu eziningi ezibalulekile ziyafa: U-Odin udliwa nguFenrir; UThor ubulawa ngokushaywa nguJormungand; UFreyr uwela kuSurt; Heimdall ubulawa Loki; UHel ufela ezandleni zika-Odin; I-Surt ishisa i-Asgard ibe umlotha; Futhi uFenrir ugwinya ilanga kanye nenyanga okubangela ukusitheka kwelanga okuphelele eMidgard.
Ngemva kwempi kusele ababili kuphela abasindile: uBaldr (indodana ka-Odin eyintandokazi) noHöðr (usingamzali). Bakha kabusha i-Asgard kanye nabanye abasindile ngaleyo ndlela baqala uhlelo olusha lwe-cosmic olubizwa ngokuthi "i-Alfheim". I-Twilight of the Gods ayifanekiseli kuphela ukuphela kwezwe lasendulo kodwa futhi nokuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo okudingekayo ukuze uhlale uphila kulo mfula omkhulu obizwa ngokuthi ukuphila.
Izihloko eziyinhloko ezihlanganisiwe
I-Twilight of the Gods ingenye yezindikimba ezibaluleke kakhulu nezibalulekile kuzinganekwane zamaNorse. Kuyinhlekelele ejulile echaza ukuphela kwezwe nesiphetho sokugcina sonkulunkulu, kanye nokudalwa kwezwe elisha. Le ndaba itholakala ku-Poetic Edda, umbhalo wesandla wasendulo owabhalwa ngu-Snorri Sturluson, oqukethe ukulandisa okuningi kwezinganekwane zamaNorse.
Kule ndaba, onkulunkulu balungiselela impi yabo yokugcina ngokumelene nemidondoshiya yesiphithiphithi. Le mpi yaziwa ngokuthi iRagnarök noma "ukuphela kwesiphetho". Phakathi nale mpi, bonke onkulunkulu bayokufa futhi umhlaba uzobhujiswa ngomlilo namanzi. Ngemuva kwale nhlekelele, umhlaba uzokwakhiwa kabusha emlotheni futhi kuzovela uhlelo olusha lapho kuyohlala khona abantu ababili abasaphila: Lif (impilo) kanye noLifthrasir (uthando).
Le ndaba ibaluleke kakhulu kusiko lamaNordic njengoba ifanekisela umbono wemijikelezo yaphakade: zombili izinto ezinhle nezimbi zinemijikelezo yazo yemvelo ngaphakathi kokuhleleka kwaphezulu. I-Twilight of the Gods ayimeleli kuphela ukuphela kwezwe lasendulo kodwa futhi nokuqala kokuthile okungcono; ngandlela-thile ithuthuke kukho konke okuhlangenwe nakho okwaphila phakathi nalesi sikhathi sezinxushunxushu. Lo mbono ukhuthaze abaculi abaningi kuwo wonke umlando ngomsebenzi wabo wokubhala, wobuciko, ngisho nomculo.
